How will the growing technological and intellectual world interact with our simultaneously depleting tangible world?

Technology is answering that.

To use your example of water....there is plenty of water on the planet. What is lacking is clean drinking water. Hence cleaning up the water and/or desalinating the water is the challenge. There is no lack of water, just cost effective ways to making it drinkable. This is being worked on.

What you term depleting is on the way out.

Fossil fuels? In 30 years will rarely be used.
Food? As mentioned above technologies such as vertical farming and in vitro meats are just a couple of answers there.
Land? Not even close to covering 1/2 the planet.

Think of all the things used in the past that are diminishing.

Paper...down 50% in the US since 2009...
Music and video...was passed around on plastic, now streamed.
Screens...we use a lot of resources today on them...tomorrow, they will be holograms (or some other technology).
Autonomous technology will reduce the number of cars.

There is no doubt we are wasteful destructive beings. That said, there is now a reason why things are changing...it is now economically wise to be ecologically friendly. Renewable energy placements are jumping because the prices plummeted.

...how the technological will interact with the organic.

They are one in the same when you think about it. Microsoft was able to store data on organic material. Biology is now under the law of IT since we know it is really nothing more than code. CRISPR is starting to make some headway in this arena as is Genome research. We are able to turn cells on and off just like bits in computing. Nanobots are already being tested to treat disease by targeting specific cellular regions. In time, these bots will be made out of the individuals own genetic material.