I don't know of a more cannonical source, unless the founders would care to comment. I figured out the way it works by looking at the numbers on steemd from day to day.

You cant get the numbers right without understanding vests.... i kind of see what youre trying to do, and tbh youre not far off but youre either double counting something or not counting it enough. Youre missing a key division that happens with the steem power value.

You're basically leaving two things out that almost (but not quite) cancel each other out.

1: the creation of additional vests to pay bloggers, etc devides the vesting fund, and decreases the Steem value of SP. In fact, if you @lukestokes (i think) has a pretty cool blog where you can actually see this effect happening with liquidity rewards (which are awarded the same way) as hourly pulses on a graph of a sharp decrease in SP growth rate. its visible here because althou gh the steem to fund them is created constantly, theyre actually awarded in big hourly lumps.

1. The increase in money supply all goes to the vesting fund. your 90's should all be 100. The 9-1 ratio thing in the white paper is about why certain amounts go there (10% to maintain the value of SP and 90% as SP incentives) but 100% of the increase in money supply goes to the vesting fund. If there is 100 total steem, and 95% of it is in steem power, the doubling of the supply means there will be 195 in SP and 5 free steem.

ALL new steem is created as steem power. not 90%, 100%. There is no such thing as newly created free steem.

The two things above almost cancel each other out, which is how you got fairly close with your numbers. But all youre doing is making an approximation based on an incorrect understanding of the proccess.

this is why your numbers are closest to accurate at a 0% growth rate of 81.8%.... , because thats the point where the two factors above cancel out perfectly. Its also why youre way off on the outlying numbers.

for example 5:95 SP ratio would create a huge gain for the 5%... they would start off with like 5% of the money supply and end up with a hair less than 50%, for a net gain of around 1000%.

the above should even be clear intuitively. If 90% of the new money being created serves to increase the value of the initial 5% holdings, the effect should be far greater than what youre talking about.

So for example, these 5 steem in SP. In the yearly doubling you create 100 steem. 90 of those steem are for SP incentives, and they get added on to those 5.

So those 5 steem in SP would now be worth about 95 (out of a 200 steem money supply)