great post! I don't agree with all 10 points, but with the most.
To 1: Yea I fully agree with that, reputation should be key, not steem power. Steem power could help get reputation, at least until we have no way to verify accounts... I think about reputation like a liquid democracy system. Just imagine you could delegate your voting power...

To 3: I think the blockchain itself should allow allocating your voting power as it is outlined above, but the steemit plattform should still be easy to use. For usability I would suggest the following:

• If you press the first time up-vote you only rank the post higher, no extra payout.
• If you press the second time up-vote your vote is also considered for the payout.
• If you press the third time up-vote you indicate that this post is very very important for you and increased therefore the payout 10 times, but is limited to 30 votes in 30 days.

to 8: the 12 hour period was introduced to allow more posts on the trending page. but I agree 24 felt better, but then the payout algorithm should not reward that much exponentially and posts should be displayed more fair in the trending page. One way would to choose them according to their votes like in a lottery on every reload.
I like the second one month payout, so that you have the change to get something also little bit later. maybe voting could stay open all the time and the payout could be made everyday? But of course then the exponential payout algorithm would have to change...

to 9: Currently we have no way of verifying accounts, so the only thing we have is reputation and steem power. The vote count itself means nothing because they can belong to the same person. otherwise see my lottery suggestion above how to make the trending page more fair.

More details about how we could improve voting and make steemit generally more fair i outlined here:

https://steemit.com/steemit/@arcurus/tagging-and-flagging-hidden-by-a-whale-how-to-evolve-further