Too simple. It is equivalent to saying left is better than right, or up is better than down. The question isn't which is better - anonymity or transparency? That question is invalid just like 'How long is a piece of string?'

A better question to ask & answer would be something like
What are the sets of advantages and disadvantages of anonymity and transparency in a given context & is there a way to use parts of each to cancel the weaknesses and retain the strengths.

Look at PGP encryption for example. With its private/public key it is able to mask identity for some uses and prove identity for other uses.

Your breakdown of the problem is too simple and only has advantage in some contexts.