Cambrian explosion - Life has spread in enormous power
Our world is very life-long. Where does not life? Starting from the bottom of the ocean bottom, Antarctic's extreme hostile environment also prevailed. Water-ground-air, everywhere is breathing life; All the tunes of life are playing. We are now listening to the music of life, behind it hundreds of millions of years of history. There are some chapters in the history book, which is relatively less incidental. There are some chapters, in which the soul has increased its state's borders at a much faster pace. Today, we will know about such a fast section. The name of the chapter is Cambrian Explosion - 54 million years ago, this phenomenon is considered the most important and eventful chapter in the evolution of life on Earth.
However, before entering the chapter, it is very important to summarize the chapters in the previous chapters. The number of previous chapters is not very low, and there is no shortage of information. But I will try to summarize very important and relevant issues.
The origin of the earth and life
The Solar System's dust combined into the formation of planets began to be approximately 450 million years ago. The world's position was in a place where life did not take much time to grow. In the beginning, there were numerous clashes in the earth with other asteroids, comets, planets, etc. When the clashes were getting a little break, life was being created. The best evidence is saying - the life was born within about 80 million years, and could be even less. For me and you, 80 million years of time seems to be inevitable, but this time around 1400 billion years ago, there is nothing much like this.
What is the meaning of life, it needs to be understood here. We know that chemical substances react differently. If any chemical substance can be produced by replication itself, then we say that matter is life-threatening. In the primitive environment of the ancient world there was such a situation where some small particles were able to keep some simple information in themselves. Information may be related to genetic, protein synthesis. How, it is not clear to us yet. Because, both are symbols of life, one is not possible except one. One of the best mysteries of science is that those particles, which were previously learned to save information. But the most acceptable explanation we have in front of us is that the Miller-Yuri test. This test can be understood from the experimental environment for producing biological particles capable of producing protein synthesis from the deadly inorganic particles. Recently, in March 2015, NASA scientists have said that in the synthetic laboratories of the space-like atmosphere from inorganic chemicals, they have seen life-forms like DNA, RNA, Yurusil, Thiamine.
However, while I was talking about, the cell membrane was not created yet, not the whole cell The story begins with the RNA, then after a long time DNA, slowly bacteria and Arkia were formed. They could inhale inconspicuous, that is, they could breathe in the absence of oxygen. Three hundred and a half billion years ago, photosynthesis began in their descendants, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), when the well-known substance called chlorophyll was formed. This information is very important for the next part. 80 million years ago, the amount of oxygen from the ocean increased from 0.1% to close to 1% and 2%. That is, oxygen increased from 100 to 200 times. Note that the oxygen in the current air is about 21%.
The evolution of the modern eukaryotes from the proximate prokaryotes to 185 billion years ago Bilateria, the front and backed animal, emerged almost 56 million years ago. It was like so many years. Then 54 million years ago, there was a great spread of life. Cambrian explosion of life was enjoyed by the Earth.
Cambrian explosion
What I learned, is to summarize in one line - all the creatures that were 56 million years ago were all very simple, and the emergence of complex organisms was just beginning. After two to two and a half million years, the life-long dance of life This period is called the Cambrian Period. From fossil evidence we came to know what kind of species were there at that time. For example, small fossils evolved between both sweet water and saltwater seawater. Then the animals of the episode of Arthropodha appeared. At that time for the first time the complexes were making legs and complex eyes. There were so many insects that were made of scales or feathers. And there was a lot of big change in the evolution of the eye - it was more clear than ever that the Cambrian animals could see.
Small fragile animals
At that time there was a spread of early Echinoderm, much like the star fish in the present. And the starfish is really the animals involved in this group.
And one of the fossils of that time is the trilobite ; It is understood that they were very easy in the Cambrian era. Some of them are crawling beneath the ocean looking for food, some for fluttering plants or animals.
Many such animal fossils have been analyzed to show that they were spread over the Cambrian era. But this does not mean that there was no creature before the Cambrian era. One of the many ideas that works at that time is the beginning of life! Many people think that suddenly, things started to change at a certain point in history. Actually neither one of them is true. Evolution does not work this way. Evolution is working very slowly. But evolution was going on a bit faster, this is the only one. Earlier, I have said that there is not much of two or two and a half billion years in this long history of the world. It is surprising to have such an evolution in so little (!), So it is called blast!
There was already a lot of proposals about why this speed increased. Douglas Fox recently wrote an essay in Nature Magazine , saying that the reasons are slowly being cleansed. The lower part is based on that article based on simple language.
Why did the Cambrian explosion happen?
Earlier I mentioned that 80 million years ago the amount of sea oxygen was increased by almost 100 times, because slowly the photosynthesis creatures were being created. And at the end of the era of Ediacaran, 55 million years ago, sea oxygen once again grew quite a lot.
This increase in oxygen levels brought some new players - both plants and animals. I mean, many people who were not getting enough oxygen for survival and growth, they started reproducing now. Some plants now leave the water and announce the spread of the kingdom (!).
And the food of new evolved animals? There was no way of protecting those who were overwhelmed for so long. How will it be? There were no such predators at all. The result, the relatively diverse variety of Idiarayan era became a huge quantity of food, and evolved in different ways in the appropriate environment, the creatures of the Cambrian era. And before I said that the eye has evolved. Hmmm, when the hunting and predatory relations come in, the advantages that can be found in the surroundings are quite comprehensive!
Ediakaran on the left, Cambrian souls on the right
We are talking about the dissolved oxygen in the ocean water. As much oxygen is present in the floor of the water, more oxygen will be on the upper side, towards the water surface. To understand whether the evolution of oxygen is actually related to the growth of oxygen, scientists are now trying to find fossils of animals living in different levels of water. If the image of the evolution is matched with variation in the amount of oxygen at different levels, then it can be assured that there really is a relationship between the two.
The image is not yet fully clean. There may be other reasons, such as increased ozone (due to the increase in oxygen, it will protect it from harmful rays), increase the amount of calcium in the water (it will help in the formation of the shell). We still do not know 100 percent sure. But there is no shame in it. There will always be something that we do not know. The tool to know them, that tool is the name of science. This journey of science will run. Thank you all.