HISTORY OF BANK BEFORE MASEHI UP TO THE MIDDLE - science history

The initial idea of ​​the emergence of banks is estimated to exist since 1800 BC in Babylon. At the beginning of civilization a temple is considered the safest shelter. This is because the temple is a sturdy, sacred building that is considered to prevent thieves. In Egypt and Mesopotamia gold is kept in temples to be kept. But the gold is also used for trading. In Babylon at the time of the government of Hammurabi, in the 18th century BC, there was a record of a golden loan made by temple priests. The banking concept has emerged at that time.

The banking activities in ancient Greece were more varied and sophisticated than the previous people. Private entrepreneurs, as well as temples and public bodies conduct financial transactions. They make deposits, lend, change money from one currency to another and coins, and perform tests for gold purity. They are even involved in book transactions. Rentenir can be found anywhere. They can receive payments in one Greek city and manage other credits, but avoid to transport or transfer large sums of money out of the city.

Roman discipline for administration, adopting and regulating the practice of Greek banking. In the 2nd century AD debt can be formally paid to the bank, and the public notary was appointed to register the transaction. The collapse of trade after the fall of the Roman Empire made bankers less necessary than before, coupled with the rise of the Christian church. Riba is regarded as immoral. The Christian prohibition on usury ultimately provides an opportunity for bankers of other faiths.

The prosperity of Europe, making the society in need of finance. The Jews began to take over the banks. But their success, and their extreme visibility as a religious sect, bring harm to their community. The Knights Templar for several years became a mighty banker. They are also an exclusive sect.

The world of the 13th century AD bankers in northern Italy, known as the Lombards, gradually replaced the Jews in their traditional role as moneylenders for the rich and powerful. Business skills from Italy are enhanced by their discovery of double-entry bookkeeping. Creative accounting allows them to avoid the Christian sin of usury. The loan interest is made as a voluntary reward from the borrower or as a reward for the risks taken

The cities of Siena and Lucca, Milan and Genoa took advantage of this new trade. But the largest city of Florence benefits from this business. Florence is internationally renowned for its gold coins first printed in 1252. Florin gold was widely recognized and trusted and became the first international currency of the day. Banking began to revive the Italian cities of Florence and Genoa.

At the beginning of the 14th century two families in the city, Bardi and Peruzzi, have grown very rich by offering financial services. They arrange for the collection and transfer of money. They facilitate trade by providing traders with a bill of exchange, in which the money paid by a borrower in one city can be paid to the creditor by presenting the bill elsewhere (this principle is now the same as the check form).

The ability of Florentine bankers to fulfill this service is demonstrated by the number of Bardi branches outside Italy. At the beginning of the 14th century the family has offices in Barcelona, ​​Seville and Majorca, in Paris, Avignon, Nice and Marseilles, in London, Bruges, Constantinople, Rhodes, Cyprus and Jerusalem.

In the 1340s King Edward III of England engaged in war with France, the beginning of the Hundred Years War. He was in debt to Florence, after borrowing 600,000 gold florins from Peruzzi and another 900,000 from Bardi. In 1345 he defaulted on his payments, this made Florance begin to experience bankruptcy. Florence as a major banking center can withstand this disaster. Half a century later that is the 15th century, banking Florance ruled by two families namely Pazzi and Medici.