Which of the following is used in pencils?
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Before we talk about what is in pencils let us discuss what are pencils first. A pencil is handle that can be removed using a sharpener to reveal a lubricant that would slide due to the friction with the paper to write.
long ago by 1564 a deposit of pure solid graphite was discovered which can be turned into sticks easily. And since chemistry was still in its infancy people thought that this non-toxic black solid is in fact lead. Leading to the misconception that pencil cores are made out of lead and not graphite.
Before that, Romans used a thin metal in the form of a stylus to write, However the written text proved to be light. This stylus, image below, was usually made out of lead, which also aided in spreading the misconception.
Now after that deposit was discovered, it was noticed that the graphite is too brittle to be held alone thus a holder was used, as a form of string in the beginning now it is wood, to keep it from breaking.
Graphite is prefect for the job. Not only did it leave a darker pigment on paper, but also now a days by adjusting the clay to graphite ratio of the pencil core the core can become darker, lighter or harder. evident by the different types of pencils from 9H to 9B. Moreover Graphite is harmless if consumed (do not advocate anyone to eat it though). Whereas lead poisoning was occurring to artists as they used it in paintings in the 20th century
The eraser was patented in the 1858 to be attached at the end of the pencil. This rubber made object is used to remove pencil markings. Long ago people used breadcrumbs to erase pencils. Not until Edward Narine an English engineer used rubber instead of breadcrumbs to erase something and it worked.
I am no expert in pencils in fact all that writing is due to looking for the subject before answering, so I would appreciate it if anyone who notices any mistakes in my answer to tell me. Thus I can fix it.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil
https://pencils.com/pencil-history/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eraser
http://www.historyofpencils.com/writing-instruments-history/history-of-eraser/
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