Top 10 great changes made by Arabic scientists in the world.

No one can deny that every nation and several cultures around the world take part of the civilization of the humanity.

So, many ages ago the sun of knowledge shined in the land of the pharaohs –Egypt- ; Ancient Egyptians excelled in many fields of science, they majored in astronomy so that they knew the period of months, seasons and years.

Their progress in astronomy is shown in Abu Simbel Temple as the sun shines in the face of king Ramses in the Upper of Egypt.

Pharaohs of Egypt reached a high point in chemistry where their dead were mummified; this mystery is unknown until now.
While pharaohs were building their glory, Sumerians, Indians and Syrians had their strong countries and had had their own civilization.

Then some thousands of years later, Chinese civilization, Greek civilization and Korean civilization appeared and share their ideas.

After many years, Islam has speared in the Middle East, so Muslims decided to educate the people in their countries Arabic so that they concentrated on science of translation.

Arab scientists worked hard at their studies and left intelligent references; and there are some Arabic scientists who made changes in this world:

10 –The revolution of translation:

This Arabic Nestorian Christian doctor whose efforts were awarded support by the Islamic country in the time of king Haron El Rasheed as he was given gold for his translation.
Scientist Hunayn was born in 808,in al-Ḥīrah, near Baghdad in Iraq .

He learned Syriac and Persian language and become fluent in Greek language.

Ibn Ishaq was well-known with his translation which was characterized by its depending on the message of the writes not the converting the meaning of the words ,so his translation was the best .

Without his efforts in translation , Arabs didn't know the knowledge and the Europe world as well.

The big effects Hunayn Ibn Isahq achieved :
1-He wrote Book of the Ten Treatises of the Eye that considered as a treasure for every doctor.

2- He translated Galeni's works.
3- His works helped Arabic doctors to have the science of the previous experiences, find out and treat the diseases.
(Kitab Al-‘Ashir Maqalat fî al-‘Ain (العشر مقالات في العين) (Book of) The Ten Treatises on the Eye)
https://www.amazon.com/Kitab-Al-Ashir-Maqalat-al-Ain-Treatises/dp/9953134863?
SubscriptionId=14H876SFAKFS0EHBYQ02&tag=hubpages20&linkCode=xm2&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=9953134863

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9- Berlin Hauptbahnhof Station

If you visited Germany specific Berlin, you must have visited the central station in the center of the city. However, this station was a big challenge to German engineers till the new Pharaoh came and rescued the situation and achieved this project by football world cup 2006. Eng. Hany Azer managed to build a bridge above the railway without damages, nor any traffic obstruction as he designed the bridge to two sections, the two sections were collected separately, thus every part was moved down by metal wires that enable the bridge to be completed. In addition to that, He returned the rout of the river and This technique helped to carry out the project with no crippling.

8-Rosetta mission

In November 2014, There was an important issue that carried the name of an Egyptian city and the stone which solved the Hieroglyphs mystery happened, as Philae spacecraft arrived to comet 67P/ Churyumov-Gerasimenko."comet C-G" The mission has determined goals but the aim from its execution is discovering the form of the comet and see the solar system from its view. Nevertheless, it was the first successful landing on a comet in the history of space travel that deserve attention. A Closer Look, we find this (one of the featured members who works on radar experiment on Rosetta mission is Dr. Essam Heggy). Furthermore, Dr. Heggy works on NASA other missions as exploring Mars.

7-The idea of Tarzan

Who didn’t hear the story of Tarzan in his childhood? Oh, All of us memorize this legend! So do you know that legend is an ancient story about an Arabic baby of a princess who had to put him in a box and threw it into the river. The river left him in the forests where a deer heard his cry, it followed the box and take care him. When the baby grew up, he met a group of godless, but he was in his natural that made him believe in the god (Allah) he invited them to worship the creator. This story (Hayy Ibn yaqzan), written by ABU BAKR IBNTUFEL quoting IBN SINA, pointed out an important philosophy issue which makes sure believing in Allah is an axiom matter.

Ibn Tufayl's Hayy Ibn Yaqzan: A Philosophical Tale :

https://www.amazon.com/Ibn-Tufayls-Hayy-Yaqzan-Philosophical/dp/0226303101?SubscriptionId=14H876SFAKFS0EHBYQ02&tag=hubpages-20&linkCode=xm2&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=0226303101

6-The First Scientific attempt to find out The Light& Camera invention.

The light was a huge mystery even Einstein was puzzled if it is a wave or a particle. Yet, people thought we can see because our eyes are light-emitting –this is actually false-till an Arab scientist called AL-Hassan IBN AL-Haytham discovered that the reason why we can see objects on account of light reflection (the light falls on the object and is reflected to the eye, then made the ability of sight) -He Confirmed the idea of other scientists in Greece as physician Galen (who said light enter the eye). Ibn al-Haytham discovered that light travels in straight lines as his famous experiment showed.

The main achievement, that made a revolution in our life, is his obscura room that led to modern camera. IBN ALHAYTHAM discovered that if three lines of light travel through a tiny hole in an obscura cell they will form overturned triangle" means anything will have an overturned photo into a small scale". That actually done in day camera. Therefore, we must thank IBN ALHAYTHAM for his help to take our photos.

-This figure explains it simply.

5- Algorithm:

While you are reading this essay on this website, the code of the websites and any application working on your computer depends on the algorithm (the base of programming). So, if you noticed the name of the algorithm, you may infer that it comes from the name AL-Khwarizmi. Who is the AL-Khwarizmi? -He is Mohamed Ibn Musa AL-Khwarizmi, south of the Aral Sea in central Asia. He was born in Baghdad, according to al-Tabari. He wrote his whole books and all of his research in Arabic. So he considered as an Arabic.

But what did he make affected in our life until now??

• He created the (completing square).However, I will concentrate on his method we use now to control our computers. - He studied Indian mathematics and added the number (Zero) in the numbers and devised the numbers we use now (0,1,2,3,4…….). AL-Khwarizmi put the science of al-Jabr that we can do equations which depend on AlMuqabalah (the poise between its sides.

Ex. 8 s = 20– 4

8 s = 16

S = 2

Ex. 3 X ² - 2 X -21 = 0

(3 X + 7) (X – 3) = 0

3X +7 =0 , X – 3 =0

X = - 2.3 , X = 3

From here: He invented algorithm and finally other scientists and programmers
use it to code calculator and computer.

4-"Eventtus" first platform in the region for events

On 25th June 2016, there was a big zenith of president Obama, Mark Zukerburg and top of effective youth, in Global Entrepreneurship Summit, besides the president there were a young programmer girl (Mai Medhat) with her own project that helped youth to find their events; As it was difficult to get a fit event, workshop, conference on Facebook in the Arab area . Her team designed website & app you can find your wanted event more easily, create your event. Their app helps many people around the world to share their interest.

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3- Femtotechnology.

In the 90s, Dr. Zewail discovered the femtosecond and he could invent a particular camera which use the laser to record the performance of the cells in this short period (equals to one millionth of one billionth of a second) as a result he was given Nobel prize. This innovation enables scientists to watch the reactions of subjects' atoms, study their behavior during the chemical reactions as well. That leads to understand what happens in the cells in this tiny period in our bodies that can help us to treat the diseases, especially cancer and prevent them before its effects appear and make snags.

Nowadays, Doctors and oculists use Femtosecond laser in eye operations without any surgery tools thereafter. Dr. Zewail didn't stop there, however, his team at Caltech innovated a new microscope enables researchers and doctors to notice the objects- especially-cells in 4d (length-width-height-finally time) that help us to avoid cancer before its happening. In spite of Dr. Zewail death on account of cancer, his inventions will help scientists to treat it and use them in all fields.

4D Visualization of Matter: Recent Collected Works of Ahmed H Zewail, Nobel Laureate :
https://www.amazon.com/4D-Visualization-Matter-Collected-Laureate/dp/1783265051?SubscriptionId=14H876SFAKFS0EHBYQ02&tag=hubpages-20&linkCode=xm2&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1783265051

2-The Gold Nanoparticle War Against Cancer

In each age, there are several severe wars in often they are between two armies. On the other hand, nowadays we are facing the danger of diseases; by and large, Cancer is the Fiercest. So scientists are working on the development of its treatments. When cancer is treated by chemical sessions, Dr. MOSTAFA AL SAYED and his team at the University of Florida could observe the cancer cell among the healthy skin cells in by sticking anti-EGFR Antibody with the gold nanoparticle so he found that the gold particles pierced the membrane of cancer cells but they spread between healthy cells regularly. The next step was to heat the gold nanoparticle by a less-energy Infrared that can make the cancer cells damaged because the gold nanoparticle differentiate by its ability to Absorbs little energy and get heated that can burn the ill cells not the healthy ones. This new treatment will help patients to recover without tiring from chemical therapy.

1-The Way To WIFI.

Within their Investigation in the second generation of mobile phones, Dr. Hatim Zaghloul & Dr. Michel Fattouche. Dr. Zaghloul got a Ph.D. In Electromagnetic waves. In addition, Dr. Fattouche got a Ph.D. In Coding modulation in communications. And Both of these fields make wireless connections. – They So Fattouche suggested to use OFDM tech. Nevertheless, they applied some additions that made WFDM. New tech (W-OFDM) founded three other benefits 1. (4G),2-(Wireless Snan :used in our routers ), 3-the new technique will help in the internet of things that will be useful to check up our houses light system ,our machines , ………

Every time we use our routers to connect to the internet we owe to these men. Now Dr, Zaghloul's company is working to transmit internet services from a router to another one throw other access.
-The Story Of Wi-Fi