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The Central of Science

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Chemistry is referred as "Central Science" because it connects various of other sciences, such as physics, materials science, nanotechnology, biology, pharmacy, medicine, bioinformatics, and geology. This connection arises through various sub disciplines that utilize concepts from different disciplines. For example, physical chemistry involves applying the principles of physics to matter at the atomic and molecular levels.

Chemistry deals with the interaction of matter that can involve two substances or between matter and energy, especially in relation to the first law of thermodynamics. Traditional chemistry involves the interaction between chemicals in chemical reactions, which convert one or more substances into one or more other substances. Sometimes these reactions are driven by consideration of enthalpy, such as when two high-enthalpy substances such as hydrogen and elemental oxygen react to form water, substances with lower enthalpy. 

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Chemical reactions can be facilitated by a catalyst, which is generally another chemical involved in the reaction medium but not consumed (e.g, sulfuric acid that catalyzes the electrolysis of water) or an immaterial phenomenon (such as electromagnetic radiation in photochemical reactions). Traditional chemistry also deals with the analysis of chemicals, both inside and outside of a reaction, as in spectroscopy.

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The Development Of Chemistry

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The world of Islam is very advanced before the crusade, ranging from medical science, chemistry, biology, social, astronomy, algebra, science, philosophy and others are all in the library baghdad Iraq. Where during the time of the crusades, many Islamic books were taken, and carried by the crusaders and others were burned by the crusaders. Because at the time of the crusader attack, the books in the Baghdad library were burned and thrown into the tigris. So almost all the technology and science that is in the hands of western people comes from Islamic culture.

The chemistry that became the forerunner of modern chemistry as it has been enjoyed today, has actually passed through the stages in which the classical theories produced are derived from the preparations and the work of early 12th century Muslim scientists. Chemistry in the hands of Muslim scientists experienced a big jump in progress because of a paradigm shift in packing a science by using the verification stage through an experiment. The results of the findings of Muslim scientists are still perceived benefits until now. The transfer of Islamic chemistry to Europe became a turning point in chemical decline and general Islamic sciences that had previously been the locomotive of the advancement of science all over the world. At the same time, chemistry is slowly being abandoned by community scientists who are turning to modern chemistry because they have a more reliable and meticulous framework in depth study.

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Chemist Invention and Contribution

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Every Muslim chemist has made a different contribution to the development of chemistry. Abu Musa Jabir Al-Hayyan (721 M-815 M), for example, has introduced experiments or chemical experiments. He worked hard to elaborate chemistry in a laboratory with a series of experiments. One characteristic of his experiments is quantitative. Muslim scientists nicknamed 'Father of Modern Chemistry' is also noted as the inventor of a series of chemical processes, such as distillation, crystallization, Calsinasion, and sublimation.

Western scholars acknowledge that Jabir Ibn Hayyan (721-815 H.) was the first to use scientific methods in his research activities in the field of alchemy which later Western scientists extracted and developed into what is now known as chemistry. Jabir, in the West known as Geber, was the first person to set up a workshop and use a furnace to process minerals and extract and minerals chemicals and classify them.
Muhammad Ibn Zakariya, al-Rozi (865-925), has performed the usual activities performed by chemists using special tools, such as distillation, crystallization, and so on. The book al-Razi (Razes), recognized as the first chemistry chemistry handbook in the world.

The scientist known in the West as 'Geber' was also noted successfully created cutting instruments, fuses, and crystalization. In addition, he was able to refine the basic processes of sublimation, evaporation, melting, crystallization, lime-making, refining, immersion, and purification. Thanks to his services, the famous oxidation-reduction theory in chemistry is revealed. Important compounds or substances such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, citric acid, and acetic acid are born from the results of Jabir's research and thought. He also successfully performs alcohol distillation. One other important achievement in revolutionizing chemistry is establishing a perfume industry.

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Source : 

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia

http://gerald-moonlight.blogspot.co.id/

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musa_Jabir_bin_Hayyan

https://tirto.id/kejatuhan-pusat-perang-salib-konstantinopel-cpCe

https://es.scribd.com/document/321155044/1-Ilmu-Kimia-FIX