Steps of bridge construction (part 01).

1-Introduction:

• Among the most important technique in the field of construction is the construction of works of art, and given the quality of the material means and the human resources they must be qualified to materialize a work so important and difficult.

2-The technical study of execution:

• This is the first and most important step in the construction of a bridge because the enormous loads applied on this structure during the construction site and after its commissioning must be well quantified and studied in a really sufficient time with the consideration the aesthetic aspect that plays a very important role in bridges.

• Several countries in the world are known by a high technique in this field notably the USA, GERMANY, JAPAN, ITALY, CHINA and FRANCE.

• Also several bridges have been known and classified as the best we can mention a few:

• Millau bridge France.

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• Golden Gate bridge USA.
  
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• Bosphorus Bridge (Istanbul, Turkey).
  
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• Nanpu bridge -China
  
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2- the realization:

2-1-infrastructure:

• The foundations are the base of the bridge which transmit all the loads of the superstructure to the ground, this ground which is variable one matter of resistance because there are clay soils that can not mympa support the feet of a pedestrian for this case it is very difficult to implement a work of such characteristics that requires a high technicality.
• il existe en général trois types de fondations à savoir:

• the superficial foundations (soles) (between 0-5m).

• the semi-deep foundations (improved the soil by the big concrete and the sole will be implanted on this improved ground) (between 5-10 m).

• the deep foundations (improved the ground by piles anchored in the good ground and the sole will be implanted on the piles) (between 10-100 meters).

  NB: we will take the most delicate case is the soles on piles:

2-1-a: Realization of the piles:

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• This is a step that requires a lot of technique and difficulty as well as specific means (drilling, lining) and qualified human resources (drilling specialists)

• the stages of realization of the piles are as follows (as it is shown in the photo):

• Implantation of the axes of piles
• Drilling of piles
• Drilling of bored piles
• Preparation of the reinforcement cage
• Implementation of the reinforcement in the jacketed tube.
• Concreting piles.
• Remove the shirts.

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2-1-b: Realization of the soles:

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• After the implementation of the piles, it is necessary to proceed to the opening of the excavation for the sole that will distribute the loads from the superstructure on the piles and piles on the ground.

• In general the piles realized before require the coppicing to demolish the heads of the piles to reach the low level of the sole this operation is called the coppicing of the piles.

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• After the coppicing and the preparation of the excavation of the footing according to the dimensions opted in study the laying of a layer of clean concrete with a thickness of 10 to 15 cm for a good concreting and facility of carrying out the reinforcement.

• Following the reinforcement operation of the semmelle according to the plans civil engineering and then the formwork and finally the concreting
  of the sole.

2-2: Realization of the supports (piles and abutment):

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• The pile and is intermediate vertical element to support the deck of the bridge and transmits to the foundation and the abutment is a vertical element located at the extimité of the bridge support shore so each bridge has two abutments a number of piles of (0 -Infinity)

2-3- the realization of the apron:

• The deck of a bridge is a very important element that require a whole subject of discussion technically there are several types of aprons according to the types of the bridges and according to the method of realization thus the means in disposition that will be treated in the next subject in detail.

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End
NB: the texts have been written by me

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