Recognizing Hypertension Problems, Symptoms, and Stress
Hypertension is another name of high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the power of blood flow from the heart that pushes against the walls of blood vessels (arteries).
The strength of this blood pressure may change over time, influenced by what activity the heart is doing.
For example, being exercising or in a state of normal / rest, and also related to the endurance of blood vessels.
High blood pressure is a condition in which blood pressure is higher than 140/90 millimeters of mercury (mmHG).
The figure 140 mmHG refers to systolic readings, when the heart pumps blood throughout the body.
Meanwhile, the number 90 mmHG refers to the diastolic reading, when the heart is relaxed while recharging the chambers with blood.
Keep in mind, systolic pressure is the maximum pressure because the heart contracts, while diastolic pressure is the lowest pressure between contractions (heart rest).
How should normal blood pressure be?
Understanding normal blood pressure figures is not easy, especially with terms like "systolic", "diastolic", and "millimeter of mercury" (mmHg).
However, if we want to keep blood pressure controlled, it is important to know what is considered normal, and when the blood pressure is said to be too high aka hypertension.
Normal blood pressure ranges from 120/80 mmHG.
When systolic and diastolic numbers are in this range, then we can be called having normal blood pressure.
A new person is said to have high blood pressure or hypertension if the blood pressure reading results show 140/90 mmHg.
Blood pressure is too high will disrupt the blood circulation.
However, having normal blood pressure does not mean we deserve to relax.
When the systolic number is between 120-139, or if the diastolic number (bottom number) ranges from 80 to 89, this means we have "prehypertension".
Although this figure can not be considered hypertension, it is still above the normal rate.
rang-healthy people are also advised to take preventive measures to keep blood pressure in the normal range, while avoiding the risk of hypertension and heart disease.
If our blood pressure reading is above 180/110 mmHg, or if it has a systolic or diastolic pressure higher than this number, we are at risk of serious health problems.
This figure shows a condition called hypertension crisis.
If our blood pressure reaches this level, doctors will usually measure back after a few minutes. If it is still the same height, we will soon be given emergency high blood medicine.
How common is hypertension?
Almost everyone can experience high blood pressure. The World Health Organization (WHO) says the numbers are currently increasing globally.
An increase in adult worldwide around the world with hypertension is predicted to jump by 29 percent by 2025.
Increased cases of hypertension also occur in Indonesia. Basic Health Research Data (Riskesdas) owned by Ministry of Health RI in 2013 shows that 25.8 percent of Indonesia's population has hypertension.
National Health Indicator Survey report (Sirkesnas) showed that the number of infected people increased to 32.4 percent. This means, there is an increase of about seven percent from the previous years.
Certain figures in the real world may be higher than this because many people do not realize they have high blood pressure.
Hypertension is called "silent killer" because the disease does not cause long-term symptoms, but may lead to life-threatening complications of heart disease.
If not detected early and treated on time, hypertension can lead to serious complications of coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, diabetes, and many other dangerous diseases.
Stroke (51 percent) and coronary heart disease (45 percent) are the leading cause of death from hypertension in Indonesia.
Characteristics and symptoms
Patients with hypertension usually do not show any characteristics or only experience mild symptoms. However, severe high blood pressure may cause:
Severe headache
Dizzy
Blurred vision
Nausea
The ears ring
Confusion
Irregular heartbeat
Fatigue
Chest pain
Hard to breathe
Blood in urine
Sensation beats on chest, neck, or ears
There may still be other symptoms not listed above. Consult your doctor for more information.
Causes of hypertension
The unclear hypertension is called primary hypertension which is not well understood.
However, high blood pressure can also be caused by poor lifestyle and diet.
Take for example, smoking. Smoking a single stem can cause a direct spike in blood pressure and can raise the systolic blood pressure level by four mmHG.
Nicotine in tobacco products stimulates the nervous system to release chemicals that can constrict blood vessels and contribute to high blood pressure.
Mostly eating salty foods, which contain sodium (processed foods, canned foods, fast food), and foods or beverages containing artificial sweeteners can also increase cholesterol and / or high blood pressure.
High blood pressure can appear as a side effect of kidney failure drugs and the treatment of heart disease. This condition is called secondary hypertension.
Birth control pills or cold medicines sold in drug stores can also cause high blood pressure.
Pregnant women or who use hormone replacement therapy may also have high blood pressure.
High blood pressure due to medication may become normal after stopping taking the drug, but in some cases, blood pressure still increases for several weeks after stopping the use of the drug.
We should ask the doctor if abnormal blood pressure continues.
Children under 10 years often experience high blood pressure due to other diseases, such as kidney disease.
In such cases, the child's blood pressure will return to normal after taking high blood medication.
Risk factors
According to Basic Health Research 2013, more than 25 percent of Indonesians over the age of 18 suffer from high blood pressure and prehypertension.
Most cases of high blood pressure in adolescents are classified as primary hypertension.
Like adults, the cause of primary hypertension is not fully understood.
Some teenagers seem to inherit a tendency to develop high blood pressure from their parents.
Others fall victim to a bad lifestyle, which results in obesity and an unhealthy body shape whose term doctors call "decreased cardiovascular fitness".
In some cases, hypertension in adolescents is based on certain prior medical conditions, such as heart disease and kidney disease.
But in general, the following factors may increase a person's risk of developing hypertension:
Fatigue
Diabetes
Uric acid
Obesity
High cholesterol
Kidney illness
Alcohol addiction
Women taking birth control pills
People who have parents or grandparents with high blood pressure.
However, not having risk factors does not mean you will not get hypertension. This factor is just a reference.
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