Every reasoning are established on analogy which is the reason why we expect causes on the same events

juvyjabian (72)in #reasoning • 6 years ago

Every reasoning are established on analogy which is the reason why we expect cause on the same events

Where the causes are completely comparative, the analogy is impeccable, and the derivation, drawn from it, is viewed as certain and definitive, nor does any man ever engage an uncertainty where he sees a bit of iron, that it will have weight and union of parts, as in all different cases, which have ever fallen under his perception. Be that as it may, where the objects have not all that correct likeness, the analogy is less impeccable, and the deduction is less definitive, however still it has some power, in extent to the level of comparability and similarity.

The anatomical perceptions, framed upon one animal are stretched out to all animals, and it is sure, that when the circulation of the blood is obviously demonstrated to have put in one creature, as a frog, or fish, it shapes a solid assumption, that a similar standard has put taking all things together.

These analogical perceptions might be conveyed more remote, even to this science, of which we are presently treating, and any hypothesis, by which we clarify the operations of the comprehension, or the starting point and association of the interests in man, will procure extra specialist, in the event that we discover, that a similar hypothesis is essential to clarify similar phenomena in all different animals.

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It appears to be clear, that animals and in addition men take in many things as a matter of fact, and construe, that similar events will dependably take after from similar causes. By this rule they end up noticeably familiar with the more clear properties of outer objects, and gradually, from their introduction to the world, treasure up a learning of the nature of water, fire, stones, earth, and of the effects which result from their operation.

The numbness and inexperience of the young are here obviously discernable from the craftiness and intelligence of the old, who have learned, by long perception, to maintain a strategic distance from what hurt them, and to seek after what gave straightforwardness or delight. A horse, that has been acclimated with the field, ends up plainly familiar with the correct height which he can jump, and will never endeavor what surpasses his power and capacity.

An old greyhound will believe the additionally exhausting part of the chace to the younger, and will put himself in order to meet the rabbit in her copies, nor are the guesses, which he frames on this event, established in anything besides his perception and experience.

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This is still more clear from the effects of teach and education on animals, who, by the correct application of prizes and punishments, might be instructed any game-plan, and most in spite of their natural senses and inclinations. Is it not experience which renders a dog uncertain of agony, when you menace him, or lift up the whip to beat him?

Isn't experience, which influences him to reply to his name, and derive, from such a self-assertive sound, that you mean him instead of any of his colleagues, and plan to call him, when you articulate it in a specific manner, and with a specific tone and highlight?

In all these cases, we may watch, that the animal surmises some reality past what promptly strikes his detects, and that this induction is inside and out established on past experience, while the creature anticipates from the present object similar outcomes, which it has constantly found as its would see it to come about because of comparative objects.