Random walk in a color of law case
A random walk is a mathematical object, known as a stochastic or random process, that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space such as the integers.
Economic Policy Institute
The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America
Book • By Richard Rothstein • 2017
What is the Minkowski distance?
The Minkowski distance is a metric in a normed vector space which can be considered as a generalization of both the Euclidean distance and the Manhattan distance.
Red: Manhattan distance. Green: diagonal, straight-line distance. Blue, yellow: equivalent Manhattan distances.
The distance between two points in a grid based on a strictly horizontal and/or vertical path (that is, along the grid lines), as opposed to the diagonal or "as the crow flies" distance. The Manhattan distance is the simple sum of the horizontal and vertical components, whereas the diagonal distance might be computed by applying the Pythagorean theorem.
Sweet Google Maps Trick Lets You Measure Distances 'As the Crow Flies'
The Flaming Lips:
The Guy Who Got a Headache and Accidentally Saves the world
What are the colors of noise?
Simulated power spectral densities as a function of frequency for various colors of noise (violet, blue, white, pink, brown/red). The power spectral densities are arbitrarily normalized such that the value of the spectra are approximately equivalent near 1 kHz.
The Feigenbaum constant delta is a universal constant for functions approaching chaos via period doubling. It was discovered by Feigenbaum in 1975 (Feigenbaum 1979) while studying the fixed points of the iterated function:
and characterizes the geometric approach of the bifurcation parameter to its limiting value as the parameter mu is increased for fixed x. Examples of maps which are universal include the Hénon map, logistic map, Lorenz attractor, Navier-Stokes truncations, and sine map 
. The value of the Feigenbaum constant can be computed explicitly using functional group renormalization theory. The universal constant also occurs in phase transitions in physics.
Black-body radiation is the thermal electromagnetic radiation within or surrounding a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment, or emitted by a black body.
What is Chebyshev's distance?
In mathematics, Chebyshev distance (or Tchebychev distance), maximum metric, or L∞ metric is a metric defined on a vector space where the distance between two vectors is the greatest of their differences along any coordinate dimension.
Euclidean vs Chebyshev vs Manhattan Distance
with
Minkowski’s theorem on lattices and convex regions
In algebraic number theory, Minkowski's bound gives an upper bound of the norm of ideals to be checked in order to determine the class number of a number field K
The Minkowski content (named after Hermann Minkowski), or the boundary measure, of a set is a basic concept that uses concepts from geometry and measure theory to generalize the notions of length of a smooth curve in the plane, and area of a smooth surface in space, to arbitrary measurable sets.
It is typically applied to fractal boundaries of domains in the Euclidean space, but it can also be used in the context of general metric measure spaces.
It is related to, although different from, the Hausdorff measure:
What is attractor in chaos theory?
In the mathematical field of dynamical systems, an attractor is a set of numerical values toward which a system tends to evolve, for a wide variety of starting conditions of the system.
Describing the attractors of chaotic dynamical systems has been one of the achievements of chaos theory... Siriusly, not a tractor!
What is the chaos theory in psychology?
Chaos theory is the belief, propounded by Henri Poincare, that seemingly simple events could produce complex and confounding behaviors. It is a theory that was seen to have great potential for discovery among many fields including psychology.
Growing Our Economy 35th District of Texas, honorable United States Congressman Lloyd Doggett
Krugman, in 'The Self Organizing Economy' cites Herman Simon, who suggests the size of U.S. cities approximates a power law... more technically power spectra... example Schroeder gives in 'Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws' is one of an electron in an excited state trapped in a semiconductor...
Nonlinear Pricing: Theory and Applications
By Christopher T. May
The power spectral density (PSD) of the signal describes the power present in the signal as a function of frequency, per unit frequency. Power spectral density is commonly expressed in watts per hertz (W/Hz).
What does the lowercase delta mean in math?
The lower-case letter δ (or ) can be used to denote: A change in the value of a variable in calculus. An auxiliary function in calculus, used to rigorously define the limit or continuity of a given function. The Kronecker delta in mathematics. The degree of a vertex (graph theory)
What is the degree of a vertex in a graph?
The degree of a graph vertex of a graph is the number of graph edges which touch . The vertex degrees are illustrated above for a random graph. The vertex degree is also called the local degree or valency. The ordered list of vertex degrees in a given graph is called its degree sequence.
Gentle Introduction To Graph Theory
What is chaos theory in sociology?
Chaos theory is a field of study in mathematics, however it has applications in several disciplines, including sociology and other social sciences. In the social sciences, chaos theory is the study of complex non-linear systems of social complexity.
Mexican-American Cesar Chavez (1927-1993) was a prominent union leader and labor organizer. His union joined with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee in its first strike against grape growers in California, and the two organizations later merged to become the United Farm Workers.
What are some of the accomplishments of Cesar Chavez?
The 31 years Cesar Chavez led the United Farm Workers of America saw its share of defeats, but also historic victories. Under Cesar, the UFW achieved unprecedented gains for farm workers. Among them were: The first genuine collective bargaining agreements between farm workers and growers in American history.
1/f noise refers to the phenomenon of the spectral density, S(f) , of a stochastic process, having the form
S(f)=constant/fα ,
where f is frequency, on an interval bounded away from both zero and infinity.
Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws: Minutes from an Infinite Paradise
By Manfred Schroeder
In physical cosmology, fractal cosmology is a set of minority cosmological theories which state that the distribution of matter in the Universe, or the structure of the universe itself, is a fractal across a wide range of scales (see also: multifractal system). More generally, it relates to the usage or appearance of fractals in the study of the universe and matter. A central issue in this field is the fractal dimension of the universe or of matter distribution within it, when measured at very large or very small scales.
Chaotic itinerancy is a closed-loop trajectory through high-dimensional state space of neural activity that directs the cortex in sequence of quasi-attractors. A quasi-attractor is a local region of convergent flows (attractant, absorbent) giving ordered, periodic activity and divergent flows (repellant, dispersive) giving disordered, chaotic activity between the regions.
Minnesota's Iron Range. Minnesota iron ore was first observed in 1850 east of Lake Vermilion , and again in 1865 when Henry H. Eames, Minnesota 's state geologist, reported iron ore deposits in the Lake Vermilion area.
Why is Taconite important to Minnesota?
When the high-grade natural iron ore was plentiful, taconite was considered a waste rock and not used. But as the supply of high-grade natural ore decreased, industry began to view taconite as a resource. ... Taconite saved Minnesota's iron ore mining industry.
On September 5, 1833, the American clipper Tuscany appeared at the mouth of India's Hooghly River, took on a river pilot, and headed upstream to Calcutta.
Where is the Mesabi iron ore range?
The Mesabi Iron Range is an elongate trend containing large deposits of iron ore, and the largest of four major iron ranges in the region collectively known as the Iron Range of Minnesota. Discovered in 1866, it is the chief iron ore mining district in the United States.
On November 17, 1869, the Suez Canal was opened to navigation. Ferdinand de Lesseps would later attempt, unsuccessfully, to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. When it opened, the Suez Canal was only 25 feet deep, 72 feet wide at the bottom, and 200 to 300 feet wide at the surface.
What happened in the Suez Canal crisis of 1956?
On October 29, 1956, Israeli armed forces pushed into Egypt toward the Suez Canal after Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser (1918-70) nationalized the canal in July of that same year, initiating the Suez Crisis. ... In the end, the British, French and Israeli governments withdrew their troops in late 1956 and early 1957.
Energy Efficiency in Transportation
On August 15, 1914, the Panama Canal was opened to traffic. Panama later pushed to revoke the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, and in 1977 U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Panamanian dictator Omar Torrijos signed a treaty to turn over the canal to Panama by the end of the century.
Why did we agree to turn over the Panama Canal over to Panama?
President Theodore Roosevelt therefore supported the cause of Panamanian independence with the Canal in mind. His support paid off, and on November 18, 1903, the United States signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, establishing permanent U.S. rights to a Panama Canal Zone that stretched across the isthmus.
How many locomotives does Union Pacific Railroad have?
The Union Pacific Railroad (reporting mark UP) (or Union Pacific Railroad Company and simply Union Pacific) is a freight hauling railroad that operates 8,500 locomotives over 32,100 route-miles in 23 states west of Chicago and New Orleans.
Gracias a los vecinos por llevar a cabo los ritos de transición de la redención
Shoulder of Mutton Field
By Desmond Whyman
Much of the US Electric Grid Could Go the Way of the Landline Phone
What is the butterfly effect?
In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state. ... A very small change in initial conditions had created a significantly different outcome.
Joseph James Coleman FRSE (often referred to simply as J. J. Coleman) (1838–1888) is credited with invention of a mechanical dry-air refrigeration process first used in the sailing ship ‘’Dunedin’’ and sometimes referred to (as a ship type) as Reefer ships.
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STOPThe $3 Billion Plan
to Turn Hoover Dam
Into a Giant Battery