Geopolitical Issues in the Middle East

mrday (52)in #politic • 6 years ago

The relationship between geography and politics in the Middle East is unique. Some transnational issues can also be found in this area. The geopolitical issues we can find include: international boundaries, weapons of mass destruction, weapons smuggling, migration and refugees, narcotics, oil, water, food security, pan-Arabism, fundamentalism, terrorism and conflict.

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        In the case of international border disputes, in the first and second world wars, as well as the Cold War, the Middle East has always escaped this problem. The Gulf War in 1991 between Iraq and Kuwait gives us one example of the role of international security guards to secure the existence of the country.
        Why are there boundary issues? That is because, the problem of territorial clarity is still confusing, coupled with the security of a country that is still weak. The consequence of this problem is then the onset of conflict between regions, mutual claims until the war becomes inevitable.

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        At least, the solution to the problem of this area there are at least two, the first is fusion or merge into one, and second is fission that is separated. In the case of fusion we can see in the land of Yemen, while the separation or fission can be seen from the state of Israel and Palestine with the conception of "two state solution" (two-state solution).
        In this area problem is also differentiated between boundary and frontier. Boundary is defined as a sign that limits the most outer part of the territory controlled by a country. While the border is the boundary or dividing line between the two countries. Boundary has an inward meaning (internal), while frontier has the meaning of the boundary between the two neighboring countries.

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        Although the border is defined as an invisible line, it can be identified in the landscape. Not all borders are marked or marked on the ground, but are generally attempted to be more assertive. Therefore, if there is a relatively stable natural phenomenon then used natural phenomena such as rivers, hill tops, and oceans. If there is no or still cause prolonged conflict then usually made a fence, road or track line by building walls, barbed wire or road.
        As a boundary, the fence of the state territory has the meaning that the territory of a country is determined by the extent of calculating it from the outer limits of the country. As a frontier, the fence has the meaning that the locals of a certain country can not leave without permission and otherwise the inhabitants of the neighboring country should not arbitrarily enter the territory of the country.

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        The second problem in geopolitics is about weapons of mass destruction. Nuclear weapons, chemical weapons and biological weapons are included in the category of mass destruction. Israel, like the testimony of former nuclear technician Israel Mordechai Vanunu, including nuclear-making countries, as well as Iran, Libya, and Pakistan. Iran has even declared that Iran is part of the world's nuclear countries due to the success of its nuclear engineers. "Iran has become part of the world's nuclear countries," Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said at a massive celebration in Mashhad that was televised nationally.

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        Another issue is with regard to migration and refugees. The UN estimates about 20 million refugees by the end of the twentieth century. Cohen (1995) mentions that the migration of Jews from Europe to the land of Palestine is one of the great migrations in the Middle East. The Political Zionists plan that the migration is a homecoming, "returning home" to the land that God has promised them after they were scattered.
          Another problem is about drug sales. Drugs are a key element in the macro political agenda. This has become an international issue. In fact, the control from manufacture to sale of goods has included countries in the world. The profits gained from this business are also very phenomenal and promising.
        Another issue is about oil. The Middle East is the "granary" of oil in the world. Every country in the world needs oil. Because of the abundance of oil, conflict between Middle Eastern countries occurred, such as between Iraq and Kuwait. So also with the interests of big countries like America who want to control oil in the region.

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