How trangenic plant and animal has help

Human beings have always been impressed by living organisms and particularly by animals.
Transgenic are found through biotechnology.
The walls of prehistoric caves are decorated by a number of paintings representing animals and humans. Humans domesticated some animal species to obtain food, acquire strength for various activities and as companions. Breeding likely contributed to revealing to humans the mechanisms of reproduction, including their own. Long ago, humans probably made a distinction between themselves and animals, while recognizing their resemblance to animals. More recently, humans have considered combining the biological properties of some animals with their own. They imagined the creation of chimeras from human and bull or goat.

An important step was the observation that animals transmit their biological properties to their offspring. Genetic selection became an essential way to breed animals (and plants) which responded better to human expectations. Our food, as well as our domesticated animals and plants, have thus been heavily genetically modified by selection. A number of plants and animals have become unable to survive without the intervention of humans and some have lost the capacity of crossing with their relatives in the wild. Silkworms have become fully dependent on human assistance to survive. Genetic selection is still extensively used to “improve” domesticated animals and plants.A transgenic animal model describes a model which has been genetically modified through the use of genetic engineering techniques. For several animal models PolyGene offers efficient (non-) random integration of your transgene.

At PolyGene, designed plasmids or BACs are injected in the pronucleus of the oocyte and integrate randomly or non-randomly into the genome. The main advantage of this technique is the short development time – it takes about 2 months. Level and pattern of the transgene expression can vary due to unknown copy number and integration site, which makes it necessary to analyze several independent transgenic lines.

By the end of the eighteenth century, it became more and more plausible for living organisms to be created not as they were. J. B. Lamarck proposed that (i) living organisms are in permanent evolution; (ii) various species derive from each other; and (iii) modifications in living organisms are induced by the environment. C. R. Darwin discovered that modifications in living organisms occur randomly, providing them with the capacity to become adapted, or not, to their environment. The discovery that random processes are essential was not, and is still not, fully accepted by all humans. Indeed, humans were then obliged to revise profoundly their representation of the world. The discovery of the hereditary rules by J. G. Mendel in plants, and later in animals, provided humans with enhanced capacity to modify some living organisms by selection. It is worth noting that a very limited number of species (about 100–150) have been domesticated and modified by humans.
Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered, a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics.They are identified as a class of genetically modified organism (GMO).
Genetic selection has thus become more efficient but is still totally dependent on natural and spontaneous random mutations. In order to enlarge the choice of plants and animals for selection, humans started to use mutagenic chemical compounds. The mutagens were applied to micro-organisms, then to plants and animals. The mutations were then much more frequent, but still totally random and unknown. A selection makes the emergence of new lines of interest possible. More than 3000 plant varieties have thus been obtained and validated and are being used as food. The use of mutagens has been restricted in animals for practical reasons essentially to two species only, a fly (drosophila) and mice, both being used for basic research.Organisms that have altered genomes are known as transgenic. Most transgenic organisms are generated in the laboratory for research purposes. For example, “knock-out” mice are transgenic mice that have a particular gene of interest disabled. ... These crops are widely known as “GMOs” (genetically modified organisms).