The History of the Spactime Expansion Hypothesis

in #physics9 years ago (edited)

So,


as I was walking back into town this morning that I should tell the story of how my little hobby horse physics theorising changed and what started it in the first place.

I have always been fascinated by science and I studied physics, chemistry and advanced mathematics in highschool and I was really good at it. I have a good grounding in physics and chemistry but I confess I have totally forgotten how to do any kind of calculus.

But I can code to generate graphs and waveforms and I learned how to make a Mandelbrot set and how to render graphs in 3D in several computer languages. I intend to develop this more some time.

The Precursors

I discovered alt science and learned about Tesla and others, Keely, Townsend-Brown, and others in highschool, first through a magazine published in Queensland, Australia called "Nexus". It was like the alt science and conspiracy theory and prophecy forum of the time, the letters were a prominent part of the issues.

I learned about various aether and zero point ideas, and eventually learned about some interesting relatively unknown inventions of certain inventors that proved to be somewhat functional. Asymmetric capacitors notably.

_20170106_115140

I read a book by Immanuel Velikhovsky in which he laid out a hypothesis that matter forms between galaxies and eventually births more. It was based on the idea that at some distance the relative velocity of two objects would have to exceed lightspeed. This would create a horizon in its' 3 dimensional equivalent, an apparent edge, a horizon. I think Velikhovsky envisioned that photons and electrons would be at a standstill or very slow meeting here and from this transform into atoms.

This brought up the question of the cause and mechanism that means galaxies are all flying apart in a more or less uniformly distributed relative velocity.

Doppler discovered that moving emitters of radiation distort the frequency of the radiation, oncoming emitters have higher frequencies, and going away the frequency drops. This manifests with light as turning bluer or redder, thus 'Red Shift'.

If gravity attracts, then why are the galaxies not moving towards each other and instead I would be talking about a 'Blue Shift'?

The Genesis of the Core Principle

In around about October 1999, I had reached some thoughts about his that proposed that the universe is at base a field that continuously rising in its highest frequency, that is, from the outside you have something that keeps getting smaller and more refined, and from the inside, that is, if it was our universe, it would appear everything is flying apart.

In highschool physics I learned about resonance (feedback) and the concept of infinitely smooth objects, so-called 'theoretical smooth strings' and such. These come from the way you can generate feedback formulas that grow chaotic, and contain an infinite possible granularity, if only you can calculate with big enough (er, infinitely long) numbers.

I grasped the connection between the two and a central part of my hypothesis is that despite being deterministic, the universe is so disorganised, mostly, that in fact matter is a vanishingly small part of it.

The Birth

Fittingly enough, I started out with a model that matter was like biological cells, in a way. They twist, form two children, of equal surface as the parent, but half the size.

So then we have this field of these, they start from 1 and divides to infinity. I proposed that these form a fabric of a fundamental particle on the surface of space, and secondary waveforms and vectors bring about repeating patterns that interact with each other.

These secondary patterns eventually recur and stable ones last for a very very long time. But equally, most blink in and out unnoticed. This has been multiply experimentally verified and even now it seems the latest interstellar engine design that has made news shows this glittering nothing is enough to provide a friction point for electrostatic charge to measurably move a craft. No fuel, only electrons.

This was the essential and first principle distinct to my hypothesis. Space is flying apart, so why are we glued at a rate of ~9.18m/s2 to the earth. Why is earth glued in an eternal waltz with the sun, and all the other planets too?

It is said gravity doesn't work on the nanoscale, and we know on the massive scale, it makes stuff fly apart. So, how can one cause all of these contradictory effects depending on scale?

Initial Idea about attraction

This came from the idea that between particles in a body of matter, there is a cooperating of the particles to move towards a common center. At first this was just based on the idea that the surface of the universe is made of looped strings (dimensions) and between closer objects and more distant than half way across the looped surface of the universe, somehow the distance leads to greater pressure on the 'long side' of the loop, and lesser on the 'short side'.

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Yes, you couldn't be much more vague. The electrons and protons and neutrons somehow always let enough space to escape from between it that as the fabric 'expands', the particles retain a relatively stable geometric relationship with each other.

Obviously part of what does this is the atomic bonds. And between the parts of atoms there is some kind of bonding effect that counters the expansion. Obviously, also this is a lot of energy.

E = mc2

The idea was that by the stable rotating patterns that create particles have various rotational velocities (constant spin) and that the harmonic relations between the different spin rates causes matter to maintain a certain distance and density.

The number of rotational vectors in a particle change its properties in important ways -

1 vector tends to be pushed by the expanding space fabric at the speed of light, photons and other funny little fast moving little things like neutrinos, bosons and quarks. Like a bullet, they travel precisely perpendicular to their spin axis.

_20170106_121311

From 2 component vectors, the particle can be 'inert' and thus have 'mass', and achieve this by rotating in a tight curl that creates a centre around which the expansion is dispersed in every direction. This is electrons. They still travel at lightspeed, but they stick to each other (and repel) and this is how they get inside atoms and mediate their adhesion.

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3 rotational component particles are things like protons and neutrons.

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I have put a paired electron beside the atom to illustrate how they are both the same as far as how they distribute space around them as they rotate.

Note that there can be more twists in these if there is a big difference in the magnitude of a vector. These illustrated are simply the paths of a simplest, equal rotation velocity vector with multiple components.

The Magnetism and Electrostatics Period

After this through learning about some interesting new discoveries such as that a strong magnetic field slows liquid density fractionation, enabling extremely large crystals to be grown. Thus some part of gravity's effect is nullified in a strong magnetic field.

The asymmetric capacitor developed by Townsend-Brown has now become a major research direction in NASA research, though they don't say it was Townsend-Brown's original work, first there is the Ion Drive, as it was found that these asymmetric capacitors created air currents and didn't produce thrust in vacuum.

But then they discovered it does if they increase the power.

Then there is the EM Drive. This device uses microwave radiation emitted into a resonant chamber that has been found to produce what seems to be recoilless propulsion, apparently, according to less intelligent commentators violating Newton's law of motion. Well, nonsense, of course - the device is pushed opposite the direction of thrust.

The Electron Fog and the Universal Geometry of Linear Acceleration

Up to now I have lead you through to before last year. The EM Drive in particular led me to ponder at more depth into the mechanism of the cohesion and gravity between matter, and how magnetism and electrostatics seem to all be connected somehow.

Yes, this whole journey has been like a detective story.

I am looking at everything known and proven, and looking for a common basis for seemingly contrary observations, and the well known disagreements between Newtonian, Relativistic and Quantum Physics, and the expanding space fabric is the basis of it.

The Universal Geometry of Linear Acceleration is the first concept that I discovered while I was living on the streets in Sofia. It is simply pointing out that every method of making something move around, requires elements that share a common geometry and basic components in every form.

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From walking, to wheels and combustion engines and rockets, and even Ion Drives and EM Drives, all must obey this principle.

Two rotational vectors and a central point of friction between the two toroids causes an object's momentum to be changed.

The Electron Fog is the most controversial part of the current state of my hypothesis. It says there is a lot of electrons floating around matter that mediate magnetic fields, electrostatic force and gravity, because they are disordered but can be trained into patterns with resonance effects, work both in loops (electricity), in spheroid toruses, as well as gently (weak force) affecting the positions relative between bodies of matter.

I apologise for the lack of a diagram for this point but it is exactly the opposite of the dividing cycle from the beginning, the matter is like the nucleus of a cell unsplitting, like the exact reverse in time. This is an optimisation process, the mass is the surface of the objects' gravity fog, and when two objects fogs coincide they optimise towards the centre and the matter in the middle is thus obliged to move towards the common centre.

The electron fog idea suggests that the correct configuration of electrons can directly produce propulsion, changing the inertia of an object, and the asymmetric capacitor and EM Drive both seem to support this hypothesis. They also hint at the idea the mysterious mass hypothesised to be 'dark matter' is this chaotic electron cloud orbiting on the macroscale up to the size of galaxies, it is a lot of invisible mass.

Electrons can only be detected if they are separated into individual directions like in current and magnetism. Otherwise, they are just stuff that seems to affect light and matter...

According to Einstein, they also affect time, slowing it with density. Since this could be the hypothetical 'dark matter, then an experiment could be designed to demonstrate it.

Or maybe that is in fact what the strong magnetic field stopping density fractionation (convection) in crystallography is caused by, by slowing time - since time is the process of change of structure, this could explain it.

Something conducts magnetic flux. At this point it is said to be space itself. But since it creates currents in loops of metal, could it not in fact be electrons normally disordered but generally looking for matter or other electrons to stick to, form into a particular geometry creating these effects. By pushing structure into it with electrical currents, it carries it from one place to another, radio waves. Two fields try to become one.

Electrons spin in two directions, and are unstable when pairs are separated. When together they become inert. You cannot detect a pair of electrons except by breaking it. It will then travel in opposite directions in a loop and pair up again.

The Resonant Cavity Tesla Coil Drive

I have previously just called it 'impulse coil' but the principle is to take electrons and form them into those pairs, orbiting each other tightly, causing them to acquire mass. Electrons have no mass when divided left and right, but when paired repel other electrons and matter. Atoms stick together because of the traps created as pairs orbit around the neutrons and protons in the middle of atoms.

Thus I devised a modification of the EM Drive that uses a tesla coil, possibly with vacuum core coils and spark gaps, and a second harmonic tuned resonant cavity that in theory should allow these inert pairs to be generated and expelled in one direction, creating linear acceleration (force).

The electrons are somewhat separated, and act as traps for matter. This is how they hold matter together. This is also how they push it apart, by bringing the pairs together in a tight orbit.

It comes from the two vectors I mentioned before. Electrons spiral and loop around other things, including themselves. They travel at light speed when separated, but become inert and carry force when paired.

With masses of these paired but disorderly electrons around all matter, it acts as a web which directs matter towards the common centre. But it is always proportional to the amount of matter, like a cloud that is a direct complement of the mass of inert particles present.

In essence, I am saying electron pairs can form relatively (maybe nanosecond) long orbital pairs and they become inert and can transmit force, and that all ways we currently have for generating linear force have these pairs in the middle of the phenomena.

Conclusion

Developing and testing this hypothesis to prove it is an item on my bucket list. I believe that I have enough information to devise test devices that prove my hypothesis - or change it of course.

😎

We can't stop here! This is Whale country!

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How does your theory account for not knowing both velocity and position at the same time?

I don't know how sensors that can find direction or position of an electron work. I can only speculate that the information requires taking energy from the electron in such a way that you cannot take multiple sequential samples of position and get meaningful answers, simply because getting direction changes the path and this deflection cannot be predicted, and getting position deflects the direction.

I don't see how unpredictability of deflecting or bouncing the electron can be avoided. There is no nano-pico-photons or something you can use stereoimaging and motion flow analysis to find both at once. We currently measure it with something we know directly alters the thing we are measuring. Moving magnetic fields induce current in conductors, and it can go the other way - think of eddy currents. The gravity moves the field and this causes an opposite field reaction from current induced in the pipe, slowing the descent of the magnet.

Unless you can use something a lot smaller and lighter than magnetic fields for sensing electrons, you kick it around because of resonance, the field bounces back after it is induced in the antenna. Resonance is why you can't measure both at once. To measure something you have to use a ruler, that is smaller than the thing in its precision. Resonance is nonlinear and causes things to become more random, as well.

Personally I think it is a logical fallacy to say that because it is unpredictable that it is not deterministic. Because it essentially says that the most fundamental events in reality don't obey laws. This is absurd, stating such as though it is a law, right?

So then it comes down to scaling?

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