FES #Morocco#

The city of Fez is an integral part of the Moroccan national heritage. The history of Fez dates back to the second century AH, when Idris Bin Abdullah, the founder of Adarsia in 172 AH in 789, built a city on the right bank of the Fez. A delegation to the city of Fez dozens of Arab families from the villagers to establish the first neighborhoods in the city, which was known as the enemy of the villagers. The Andalusians, who were forced to emigrate from Andalusia, were also sent to be the Adolesan neighborhood of Andalusia. There was special Jews neighborhood called Al-Malah neighborhood. After the death of Idris the first twenty years, his son Idris II founded the second city on the left bank of the river. It became the main military base in northern Morocco for the successive states that ruled the region, in addition to being a religious and scientific center in North Africa and founded the University of the villagers in 859 AD, which was the destination of the students from All over the Islamic world and Europe. Qaraween University is the oldest university in the world.

The city of Fez was one of the pillars of the struggle between the Umayyads in Andalusia and the Fatimids who ruled (Egypt, Libya and Tunisia). The city remained under the control of the Umayyads in Andalusia for more than thirty years and during that period enjoyed great prosperity. When the Umayyad caliphate fell in Córdoba, the city of Fez came under the control of the princes of Zanata, the local rulers of Morocco at that time. The Almoravids then took control of the city and were followed by the Almohads who besieged the city for nine months and entered it in 1143. The Marinites took control of the city after the fall of the Almohad state and took it as their center instead of Marrakesh and established a new royal and administrative city known as the White City. In the era of the Marinians, the city of Fez was known for its golden age. Abu-Yusef Yaqub al-Mansur built the new Fez in 1276, and fortified it with a wall and distinguished it with a large mosque, residential neighborhoods, palaces and gardens.

It became the center of the Alawite state in Morocco in 1649 and remained an important trading center in North Africa. The city remained the only source of Persian firbush until the 19th century, when it began to be manufactured in Turkey and France.

In recent history, since the time of the first monarch Hassan I (1872-1894), modern means began to enter the city and supplied asphalt roads and electricity and telephone lines. Fez was the capital of the Kingdom of Morocco until 1912 (the period of the French occupation, which lasted until 1956) The capital to Rabat. Many of the inhabitants of Fez emigrated to other cities, especially the Jews of the city. The neighborhood of Al-Mallah was completely emptied of its inhabitants, and the population's migration from the city had a bad economic impact on the latter.