I think that study might be a little chick or the egg.

It's terribly annoying though, interrupting a focused activity base on your phone's alarm clock!

I think that it could be even a little more random than this so it doesn't become too habitualised as good habits today can become tight constraints tomorrow. Although the brain will evolve, the speed of evolution is unlikely to keep pace with the flow of information. Factor in that most information is irrelevant and it is going to cause a range of other problems. As I see it, there are certain core functions that are degrading such as the ability to laterally think and be creative.