RE: Is The Future Predetermined?
Not all things possibly can have a causal antecedent, that is, if we are to assume there are only 3 dimensions. If we assume everything has a causal relationship, meaning all outcomes must be a product of some causes, it leads to a puzzling situation where this causal relationship must have been going on for forever, which is simply absurd. Putting this into a simple analogy, we can imagine this situation like this: You have asked someone else to borrow a pen. That person then asks another person to borrow a pen, and that another person asks another person to borrow a pen, and IF this must go on forever, meaning if all things must have a causal antecedent, you must never able to get a pen. If you EVER receive a pen, then it MUST mean that there was someone who is outside of this causal relationship that triggers the actual process of this causal chain-event. Simply put, in order for the causal relationship to be even triggered, there must be at least one event that is free of the causal relationship.
This shows, even though most things in our lives have a causal antecedent, in order for anything to exist and for you to be here today, there must have been a beginning that does not have a causal antecedent. Thus, in this sense, our existence alone proves that at least not all things are deterministic, or have a causal relationship.
Emmanuel Kant actually gives a highly convincing argument for free will in his Metaphysics of Morals. But I think that is out of the scope of this discussion, but be sure to check it out if anyone is interested.