STEEM-SCHOOL OF CONTEMPORARY ART. Third lesson: Impressionism. The culmination of illusionist painting and the beginning of modernity in art.

in #palnet5 years ago (edited)

Claude Monet: Impression, soleil levant (Impression, rising sun), 1873. Oil on canvas, 63 x 48 cm. Marmottan Monet Museum, Paris. Source

Hello, my eSTEEMed students of the #steem university:

A new day at #steemit asking all the gods to put an end to the constant blackouts, Internet failures and all the other serious problems affecting my #venezuela--

Due to a strong fall that I suffered entering the Caracas Metro, which has became a big Leviathan, and that affected my lips and my mouth a lot I am coming out to the air a little late. However, here is the third lesson of the STEEM-SCHOOL OF CONTEMPORARY ART, an initiative that I will take with the hope of contributing to give value to our platform through the creation of a permanent space for training in relation to Contemporary Art, and, hopefully, so that more and more Steemians dare to develop innovative and creative projects within the many alternatives offered by the new paths of art.
Here is the first lesson: Bauhaus, one hundred years of a great creative explosion that changed our lives
And here is the second lesson: The Aesthetic Evolution of Bauhaus, from Expressionism to Neoplasticism



Impressionism. The culmination of illusionist painting and the beginning of modernity in art.

As a hinge between an art that for centuries had dominated Europe and whose goal was a pretended imitation of reality and the abrupt irruption of new artistic formulas more in tune with the new century that was announced after the dusk of a century, the pictorial movement or tendency known worldwide as Impressionism was formed within the framework of French society, between 1860 and 1870. However, as is often the case in the arts, it is considered to have already been announced by the work of painters who took up the postulates of Romanticism, such as the English landscape painters John Constable (1776-1837) and William Turner (1775-1851); and the French Gustave Courbet (1819 - 1877), founder and greatest exponent of Realism and closely linked to revolutionary socialism; and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (1796 - 1875), who was the most direct precedent of the Impressionists, being the first to give preponderance to outdoor painting.

Joseph William Turner: The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her Last Berth to be broken up, 1839, 3 Parts Frame, Oil on canvas, 91 cm × 122 cm (36 in × 48 in). National Gallery, London Source

It could be said that the new social conditions that were consolidated in the West, especially in the middle of the 19th century, generated, in their own way, a radically new vision of the world that evidenced a growing secularization of life in general and of art, thought, and customs in particular. The loss of control of society by the Catholic Church and the preponderance of reason and science, whose immediate consequence was the Industrial Revolution and, with it, the emergence of liberal capitalism and its new modes of production, and the displacement of agricultural man by urban man, implied new ways of seeing and understanding reality which, obviously, were also reflected in the arts, culture and thought.

The new ideas were leaving their fruits in all the fields of the artistic creation as, for example, in the music, as it can be appreciated in the compositions of Claude Debussy, who is considered, in spite of the opposition of the own composer, an impressionist musician. His symphonic work La Mer is considered "the greatest example of an orchestral impressionist work". The complete symphony can be enjoyed below according to the interpretation of the New York Philharmonic under the direction of Pierre Boulez, in a 1992 recording.

But there is also evidence in literature of the profound changes that herald the new century that is about to begin. In the literary field, Impressionism set out to record sensations, establishing a more imaginative writing, far removed from an intellectualist and reflective literature. An impressionist writer constructs his characters from a series of details, reactions, tastes and apparently insignificant elements that allow the reader to characterize them. The Edmond brothers (1822-1896) and Jules de Goncourt (1830-1870) are considered to be the first to write novels in the spirit of this movement. Octave Mirbeau (1848 - 1917), for his part, not only promoted the originality of the new movement as an art critic, but also became the best example of the impressionist novel. The work of Marcel Proust (1871 - 1922), in particular his novel À la recherche du temps perdu, In Search of Lost Time, is also considered within this trend by the dazzling before the world of the senses and by the constant evocation of past times. Finally, the work of Anton Chekhov (1860-1904), especially his theatre, is also placed by certain critics within this movement because, in many of its texts, the central plot tends to be divided into multiple sub-plots, so that the history and motivations of the different characters are revealed from fragments.

Edgar Degas: Dance Class at the Opera, 1872. Oil on canvas. Musée d'Orsay. Source

In the case of painting, Impressionism's main goal was to achieve a perfect illusion of the materiality of nature, in which everything was reflected on the canvas, including the ephemeral variations produced by air over light. But, although the reliable capture of the atmospheric environment is related to Impressionism with the pictorial tradition, although breaking with it by the choice of large open-air spaces as the theme, it is the interest in reproducing the subjective impression, the very personal vision of the painter as spiritual differentiation, which determines the essential stylistic attributes of this artistic current and what makes it a precursor of artistic Modernity.

Pierre-Auguste Renoir: The Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1880 - 1881. Oil on canvas, 172.7 x 129.5 cm. Phillips Collection, Washington D.C. Source

Among the most prominent representatives of this movement are the French artists Oscar-Claude Monet (1840 - 1926) whose work Impressionism is named after the rising sun; Édouard Manet (1832 - 1883); Camille Pissarro (1830 - 1903), Alfred Sisley (1839 - 1899), Franco-British painter; Edgar Degas (1834 - 1917), painter and sculptor; and Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841 - 1919). While German Impressionism, which would appear three decades after the appearance of the movement in France, is represented by Wilhelm Trübne, Max Liebermann (1847 - 1935), painter and engraver; Lovis Corinth (1858 - 1925), painter, engraver and sculptor; and Max Slevogt (1868 - 1932).

Lovis Corinth: Lake Lucerne-Morning, 1924. Oil on canvas. Source

In a second part dedicated to this important artistic movement, we will develop in more detail how it came about, what was the reaction of the society of the time and what were its contributions to contemporary art.



Well, let's finish our lessons for today... With the STEEM-SCHOOL OF CONTEMPORARY ART we will be able to discover a great variety of proposals within what has been the evolution of the artistic disciplines since the 20th century until today.

STEEM SCHOOL of Contemporary Art.jpg

Of course, a vote of yours or a reblogging will serve as a stimulus and will be very grateful.



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Great subject!

Sorry to hear about your fall. Get well soon. 💕

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