Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

(1881-1938)

Part 1

He was born on 19 May 1881 in Thessaloniki under the name of Mustafa, as the son of Lieutenant Ali Riza and his wife Zübeyde Hanim. The house where he was born is today a museum. He is the founder of modern Turkey and the first president of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War Republic of Turkey.

When Mustafa came to the school age, he went to a school in his residential district. After that he went to an administrative school. After a short time he went to school at the age of 14. He received his nickname Kemal from his mathematics teacher Kemal because he was a good student. At the age of eighteen he finished this school as a lieutenant and continued his scholastic career at an academy of war. In 1905, he completed his training as a captain.

In the years 1905-1907 he was in service in Damascus (Syria). He had the officer rank between Hauptmann and Major.

In 1911 he took part in the Italian war in Tripoli - Libya. The war was won in Derne and Tobruk and Mustafa Kemal was promoted to Major. This gave him the title "Commander of Derne".

During the Balkan War of 1912-1913, he organized the defense of the Dardanelles. He played a major role in the conquest of Edirne (near Istanbul) and Kirklareli. He was promoted to lieutenant.

In the First World War the Ottoman Empire fought alongside the Central Powers (Germany, Austria and Hungary). From Ottoman point of view the first world war was catastrophic.

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