King Omar Bin Khattab

hello steemians!
where ever you are !! In the days of the end of his life, Caliph Abu Bakr always asked everyone. "What do you think about Umar?" And everyone who was asked by Caliph Abu Bakr called Umar a hard man, but he was powerful and very good-hearted. Then after considering it, Abu Bakr summoned Usman bin Affan and asked Usman bin Affan to perform his successor's will is Umar. Abu Bakr is a bit worried if later Muslims will dispute opinions when it is gone and did not wake up the will. !

In the year 13 Hijri or 634 AD, Abu Bakr died and Umar became Caliph. Umar converted to Islam around the year 6 Hijriah. At that time, he was killing Muhammad but touched his heart when repeating his sister, Fatimah chanting verses of Quran. If people call Abu Bakr "Khalifatur-Rasul", they now call Umar "Amir al-mu'minin" (Leader of the Believers). in Medina, Umar with Hamzah is the most feared of the Quraysh. Both are always ready to fight if Rasullullah SAW is insulted. His hand would want to replace it if he wanted "mother to mourn, so be a widow, and a lost chick." If they insult the Apostle. Until one day at that time, the Islamic army was fighting fiercely in Yarmuk - the backyard with Syria against the Roman empire. He did not want to disturb the concentration of troops who were against the Roman empire then Umar did not preach to his troops that Abu Bakr had died and who is now a khalifah.

Meanwhile in Yarmuk, Abu Bakr's decision to take the headquarters in that place and Khalid bin Walid's ingenuity and courage brought results. Tens of thousands of Roman troops - both from Syrian Arab forces and those imported from Greece - were killed. Because the position of a very strategic headquarters of Muslims is headquartered in the hills that became a natural fortress, while Roman was forced to occupy the valley in front of him. then the big event happened. Gregory Theodore is the Roman Commander Arabs call him "Jirri Tudur" - wanting to avoid falling victim. He challenged Khalid one on one. In the battle of the two men, Gregory's spear was broken by the swipe of Khalid's sword. He changed to take a big sword. Until the moment he set out to strike back, Gregory asked Khalid about his motivation for war as well as about Islam. Hearing Khalid's answer, Gregory was touched in the presence of hundreds of thousands of Roman and Muslim troops, Gregory declaring himself converted to Islam. He then studied Islam at a glance, had time to pray two rak'ahs, then fought beside Khalid. Gregory was martyred in the hands of his former army. But the Muslim forces recorded a major victory in Yarmuk, although some friends died there. Among them is the daughter of Abu Sofyan namely Juwariah. Umar then replaced Khalid with Abu Ubaidah as Commander-in-Chief. As Umar worries, Muslims will greatly deify Khalid. This is so contradictory to the principle of Islam. Khalid ikhlas accept the decision. "I am jihad not for Umar," he said. He continues to help Abu Ubaidah on the battlefield. By using the "human ladder" Until the city of Damascus was mastered. Khalid troops managed to penetrate the fortress of Aleppo. Emperor Heraclius was sadly forced to retreat to Constantinople, leaving behind all Syria territory that had been ruled for five centuries.
Plus the Lord of Jerusalem also surrendered. But they will only surrender the city to the supreme leader of Islam. So Umar went to Jerusalem. He refused to be escorted by troops. Be that odd sight. The Jerusalem leaders welcomed with great ceremonies. The Islamic army also appeared very powerful and full of authority. After conquering Syria, they now live prosperously. Then Umar with his very simple dress came riding a red camel. He was only accompanied by a maid. They brought their own food bags and water.

Umar's simplicity invites the sympathy of non-Muslims. Moreover, the Syrian Church and the Coptic-Egyptian Church are expecting the coming of Islam. Due to the power of the Romans they were oppressed, because the only kingdom recognized the Greek Church. So Islam soon spread quickly to Memphis (Cairo), Alexandria to Tripoli, under the command of Amr bin Ash and Zubair, who was the son-in-law of Abu Bakr.

in the East, Saad bin Abu Waqas's troops also captured the Ctesiphon-the center of the Persian empire, in 637 AD. Three princesses were brought to Medina, married to Muhammad son of Abu Bakr, Abdullah son of Umar, and Hussein son of Ali. Hussein and his wife gave birth to Zainal Ali Abidin - who became a high Shi'ite Imam.

Zainal inherited the blood of Prophet Muhammad, Ishmael and Ibrahim from the father, as well as the blood of the Persian kings from the mother. That is the basis of explanation why Iranians follow Shi'ite schools. From Persia, Islam then spread to Central Asia, from Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and even east to the territory of Afghanistan until today.

One example is, until Once Umar bin Khattab preached in a mosque in the city of Medina about justice in the Islamic government. At that moment a strange man appeared in the mosque, so Umar stopped his sermon for a moment, then he continued.

"Surely a leader is lifted from among you not from other nations. The leader must act for your benefit, not for his own sake, his class, and not to oppress the weak. By Allah, if any of your leaders oppress the weak, then to the oppressed man is given his right to avenge the leader. Similarly, if a leader among you insults someone in public, then to that person must be given the right to repay what is worth it. "

After the khalifah had a sermon, suddenly the stranger rose and said; "Yes Amiirul Muminin, I came from Egypt by penetrating the vast and barren desert, and down a steep valley. All this with only one purpose, that is to meet you Amiirul Muminin. "
"Say what your purpose is to meet me," said Umar.
"I have been humiliated in public by Amr bin Ash, the governor of Egypt. And now I will demand it with the same law. "
"Yes, brother, is it true what you have said?" Asked the caliph Umar hesitated as if he still did not believe it.
"Yes Amiirul Muminin, true."
"All right, I give you the same right to retaliate. However, you must file four witnesses, and to Amr I give two defenders. If no one defends the governor, then you can carry out a reply by hitting him 40 times. "
"Well yes Amiirul Muminin. I will do all that, "replied the man as he left and he went straight back to Egypt to meet the Egyptian governor Amr bin Ash.
When he arrived he immediately expressed his intentions and needs as what was conveyed by Umar. "O Amr, indeed a leader is appointed by the people, from the people, and to the people. He is appointed not for his party, not to act arbitrarily against his subjects, nor to suppress the weak and take a right which is not his. Khalifar Umar has given me permission to obtain my right in public. "
"Are you going to sue the governor?" Asked one who was present.
"Yes, for the truth I will sue him," the man replied firmly.
"But he's our governor?"
"If the insult was Amiirul Muminin, I would also demand it."
"Yes, my brothers. By Allah, I ask those of you who hear and see it to stand. "

So many stand.
"Are you going to hit the governor?" They asked.
"Yes, by God I will hit him 40 times."
"Swap it with money instead of the blow."
"No, although the whole mosque contains jewelry I will not give up that right," he replied.
"Well, maybe you'd rather for the good of our governor's name, between us want to be his successor," they coaxed.
"I do not like replacements."
"You are stubborn, do not listen and do not like our proposal anyway."
"By Allah, Muslims will not go forward if they continue this way. They defend their erroneous leaders vigorously for fear of being punished, "he said as he left the scene.
Amr binAsh immediately ordered his men to summon the man. Because He realizes God's punishment in the afterlife will still befall him even if he survived in the world.
"This is rattan, take it! Carry out your rights, "said governor Amr bin Ash, bowing to receive a reply.
"Is it by your current position you feel able to avoid this punishment?" The man asked.
"No, just run your wishes," replied the governor.
"No, now I forgive you," the man said as he embraced the Egyptian governor as a sign of brotherhood. And the rattan he threw.

Umar was not only a humble man, but also a man who dared to speak. That is doing things that the Apostle did not do. For the government, he formed departments. He no longer distributed spoils for his troops, but set salaries for them. Umar started the Hijri calendar, and continued the collection of records of the Qur'anic verses pioneered by Abu Bakr. He also ordered tarawih prayers in congregation.

And Umar also died in the year 23 Hijri or 644 AD. At dawn prayer, a Parsi Firuz origin stabbed him and went berserk in the mosque with a poisonous knife. At least six others were killed, before Firus himself was also killed. Many allegations about the reason for the murder. To be sure, this is the first murder of a Muslim by another Muslim.

That's the little story about Umar Bin khattab in the past, hopefully we can reap the wisdom from what we already know a little more about how the attitude of a Amiirul Muminin. Wallahu A'lam Bishawab.

best regards steemians!

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