La Borde Recognizes Muslim Scholars Bringing Music to Europe

apilopoly (50)in #music • 6 years ago

Foto: Jean Benjamin de La Borde. (Dok: Wikipedia)

French scientist and composer Jean Benjamin de La Borde in his Essai sur la Musique Ancienne et Moderne (1780) wrote a fact that for centuries was unknown to most Muslims. In the book, La Borde shows an important fact about the scales that later became the basis of the music notation that is currently undergoing development.

La Borde explains, the notation consists of silabels (solmization) in Arabic that is Mi Fa Shad La Sin Dal Ra. However, the notation was later by a European scientist translated into Latin and recognized as the hymn of St. John. In fact, La Borde said the notation was actually created by Muslim scholars.

After Mi Fa Shad La Sin Dal Ra was converted into Latin, the music notation was first used by an Italian musician, Guido Arezzo (995-1050) famous for his Guido's Hand theory. In fact, in a British Channel 4 program when it broadcasted the history of music, Guido was the creator of the solvation system without giving any particulars and the fact that the scales were the findings of Muslim Scientists.

At that time La Borde was not alone. Another European composer Guillaume-Andr Villoteau (1759-1839) for example, agrees with the opinion expressed by La Borde by acknowledging that sol- rization is indeed the scales created by Muslims long before the Europeans were overwhelmed by music.

La Borde has been researching repeatedly on the Arabic-scale charts by comparing the notes that Goido's Hand uses with the notation of Muslim scholars who finally led to the conclusion that, Guido's Hand Italy is nothing more than a cheat that Guido took from the system notation of Muslim scholars. "Physically, the appearance of Arabicized solemization serves as a model imitated by Guido Arezzo," wrote La Borde.

Not until there, La Borde was then urged by his strong desire to get the truth of designing a monograph. With such monographs, he presented a critical comparison of the solitary model that Muslim scientists brought with Guido's solvation. The result, again made La Borde acknowledge that it was the Muslim scientists who introduced music to the land of Europe and enjoyed to this day.

Arabic Notation

Foto: Para Ilmuan Muslim. (Dok: Seruni.id)

Arabic notation has been around since the ninth century. At that time, Muslim musical scholars such as Yunus Alkatib (765) and Al-Khalil (791) were two who were considered meritorious as the founders of the Arabic system of taxation and lexicography and followed by Al-Ma'un (d. 833) and Ishaq Al-Mausili (d. 850). They are two people who also introduced a musical notation system in his famous book in the West, the Book of Notes and Rhythms and the Great Book of Songs beside Ibn al-Farabi's Book of Al-Mausiqul Kabir (872-950).

In its journey, the findings of the two musical systems (Al-Ma'mun and Al-Mausili) were later re-developed by Abu Yusuf bin Ishaq Al-Kindi (801-874), Yahya ibn Ali ibn Yahya (d. 1048), Ahmad Ibn Muhammad As -Sarakhsi (wafat1286), Mansur Ibn Talha bin Tahir, Thabit ibn Qurra (d. 1288), and other Muslim scholars.

Before his death in 1151, two western musicians, Dominicus Gundissalinus and The Count Souabe Hermanus Reichenau also examined and developed the findings of Muslim scholars such as the findings of Al-Kindi, the man who was touted as the first Philosopher born of Islamic circles.

They also studied the music tiori created by Ibn Sina and Ibn Rushd, which ultimately had a major influence on the rate of music development in Europe.

In addition, in the years 789 to 857 tiori music has grown rapidly in Spayol through Ziryab, a skilled musician who is also a Baghdad botanist. So it is with Ibn Firnas (d. 888) who introduced oriental music to Spanish society and taught him in schools in Andalusi at that time.

Another Spanish music researcher, Soriano also agrees with Le Borde. He said the facts related to Guido Arezzo who studied music from Catalogna, a book Soriano later learned is a tiori book Latin music that includes findings in the field of music by Muslim scientists.

"The Arabic alphabet notation that composed a musical notation was written in the 11th century Catalogna and was published in Monte Cassino, an area of Italy once populated by the Muslim community and a place that once visited Constantie Africa, a Tunisian Muslim scientist who entered Italy via Salerno , "Hunke said.

By Constantine Africa, he wrote, music became famous among the barbarians and backward in Salerno, and all Constantine's translations of the book of Muslim scholars became the reference of later students in Europe. "Moreover, Constantine also opened the opportunity for them to study in Spain, which at that time was enlivened by music lectures by professors of Muslim scientists / musicians such as Ziryab and Ibn Farnes," he said.

Today, it is certainly not foreign to us especially who ever studied music about the figure of Gerbert Aurillac, Constatine's disciples (d. 1003) who became known by the wider circle as the founder of music in various European countries and gave birth to many music experts from the West. []

*Abstracted from various sources

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