What is a Mushroom

What is a Mushroom? The fungus is a non-chlorophyllous plant, so its life depends on the organic substances available in nature. Fungi have a role in decomposing organic substances. However, as a saprophyte, the fungus often damages our homes, clothing, and food. The dermatomikosis is a skin disease caused by fungal activity. Many mushrooms are also useful for human life, for example in the manufacture of tempeh and bread.

The characteristics of the fungus are:

1. Do not have chlorophyll.
2. His body consists of filaments or branching threads called hyphae.
3. Hyphagic threads assemble to form a woven mass or clot called mycelium.
4. His way of life is heterotrophic, either parasitic or saprofit.
   
   Fungi or mushrooms are the name of regnum or kingdom of a group of eukaryotic heterotrophs that digest food outside the body and absorb nutrient molecules into their cells. Scientists also often use the term fungus as a synonym for Fungi. Most members of fungi are mold, yeast or yeast and mushroom.

Kingdom Fungi or everyday we call it fungi, have different characteristics of other organisms. These characteristics are seen from the structure of the body and the way of reproduction. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms. Its members are unicellular and some are multicellular.

The fungus has no chlorophyll, which functions in photosynthesis. In other words, the fungus can not synthesize its food. Therefore, fungi are classified as heterotrophic organisms. Mushrooms obtain food by absorption, by secreting an enzyme. Then, the enzyme serves to destroy the food that is outside the body. Food that is destroyed in the form of nutrient molecules will be absorbed by the Fungi.

Fungi's way of life is divided into three kinds, namely parasites, saprofit, and mutualism. Explanation of each of them as follows:

1. In parasites, the fungus absorbs food from other living organisms, such as plants, animals, or even other Fungi. The juice of the food will be absorbed by the parasitic Fungi and can eventually cause damage, even death to the organism. Example Fungi live in parasites Fungi are found attached to the skin causing dermatomikosis (skin disease by Fungi activity) in humans or animals, such as panu, kadas and ringworm.

2. The fungus that absorpsi saprofit food is by way of describing dead organisms to be absorbed organic material. Saprofit fungi are found mostly on soil, decayed wood, and animal carcasses, for example, ear fungus, mushroom, and wood fungus.

3. Fungi that live mutually is Fungi bersimbiosis with other organisms, for example with plants. The fungus is symbiotic in the plant's roots of the plant and forms mycorrhiza. The relationship is mutually beneficial. Fungi will get the food, while the plant will be able to absorb water and minerals from the soil. This is because, mushrooms contained in the roots will absorb minerals from the soil. These minerals will be used plants to synthesize food. The result of food synthesis by plants will be absorbed by Fungi so that both are mutually benefited.
   Together with bacteria, Fungi are the main organisms in the destruction of organic matter, thus these organisms play a very important role in the nutrients of plant life. Fungi are used in food, medicine, and industrial processes. Examples of Fungi's role that is useful for human life is the manufacture of tempeh, oncom and bread. These organisms also cause disease in humans, animals and plants.
   

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Mushrooms in Indonesian daily include some rather related things. The first meaning is all members of the Fungi kingdom and some organisms that have ever been considered to be related, such as the slime mold and the "mushroom" (Bacteria). The second meaning relates to sanitation and becomes synonymous to molds. The final meaning, to be discussed in this article, is the soft or thick fruit body of a group of Fungi (especially Basidiomycetes) members usually emerging from the soil surface or the growing substrate. This last definition is related to the economic value of the fungus as food, the source of the poison, or the treatment material. The common form of the fungus is usually like an umbrella, although some also look like a dish. Some mushrooms are safe to eat even some are considered medicinal, such as mushroom Volvariela volvacea), oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus), ear mushrooms (Auricularia polytricha), button mushrooms or champignon (Agaricus campestris), and shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edulis). Toxic mushrooms for example are Amanita muscaria, and fungi known as "destroying angel". The word mushrooms are familiar to our ears. The word mushroom has a somewhat related meaning to each other.
Below are some of the meanings of mushrooms in Indonesian:
The fungus is a body of fruit that appears on the surface of a medium grown from a group of fungi (Basidiomycota) shaped like an umbrella: it consists of an upright part ("stem") and a flat or rounded part. Technically biologically, the fruit's body is called basidium. Some mushrooms are safe to eat even some people are considered nutritious drugs, and some others are poisonous. Examples of edible mushrooms: mushroom (Volvariela volvacea), oyster mushroom (Pleurotus), ear mushroom (Auricularia polytricha), button mushroom or champignon (Agaricus campestris), and shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edulis).

The fungus is the whole part of the fungi: the fruit body, and the part of the webs below the soil surface or the mycelia media composed of hypha files.
Mushrooms are another name for mold. This meaning for example can be listened from the expression "Rotinya already moldy" which means is 'bread has been overgrown mold'.
In addition, the fungus is not only a unique plant, but also can cure diseases such as sleep disorders (Insomnia), dizziness, bronchitis, asthma, silicosis, hepatitis; Hypertension, heart disease, stomach pain, no appetite; Rheumatism, etc.

Mushrooms can also be a delicious meal