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RE: Steampunk - from a steam machine to a pen.
The simplest definition of steampunk is retrofuturism - the future as seen from the Victorian era. While something like Jules Verne might be called steampunk today, it was really just a science fiction novel at the time it was written. It was that authors vision of the future. The anachronisms weren't intentional because they only became so later. Steampunk in the modern era is intentionally anachronistic.
You can almost see cyberpunk in the same way. When William Gibson really kickstarted that genre, his vision of the future was just that. Now much of that imagery is anachronistic today because things developed in slightly different directions. I suppose that is the fate of most science fiction.
I think your right about science fiction, everything is changing and currently, when you compare Vern to modern fantasy like Mieville China these are completely different categories. But the world is developing in its own way and the literature is just an attempt to put it in order.