Life as a property of the ecosystems

A systems read of life treats environmental fluxes and biological fluxes along as a "reciprocity of influence, and a reciprocal relation with setting is arguably as vital for understanding life because it is for understanding ecosystems.

As Harold J. Morowitz (1992) explains it, life could be a property of associate ecological system instead of one organism or species. He argues that associate ecosystemic definition of life is preferred to a strictly organic chemistry or physical one.

Robert Ulanowicz (2009) highlights interdependence because the key to know the general, order-generating behavior of life and ecosystems.