Mental problems in extreme situations

There is no clear distinction between mentally healthy and mentally ill people, so any of these groups should identify themselves with caution. Sane and versed in the problems of mentality person can go crazy only in an emergency - when they exhaust the possibilities of lessons and deliberately used means of psychological defense. These tools are:

• The belief that it is possible to find an acceptable way out of any difficult situation, in principle;
• Drinking personal death as an inevitable event mediocre, overly alienate that does not make sense (Diogenes: "It is necessary to eliminate the fear of death, as much as there's nothing to be afraid of");
• The capacity for willpower; finding pleasure in overcoming their laziness and cowardice;
• The tendency to doubt, including adverse "final diagnosis";
• Dreams and plans (basic and spare);
• Nice memories;
• The mood on the deed - the commission of a number of emerging positive actions (not just for self-sacrifice - which is often given too easily, but is of little);
• The habit of laughing, including on himself;
• To find a positive mood in suffering;
• The ability to safely discharge their aggressiveness.

Mental hygiene

• A large part of the body disease is caused by a greater or lesser degree the state of the psyche. Mental disorders often have the same cause of non-compliance of Mental Health. The basic rules of Mental Health:
• Avoid excessive emotions. The nature of the perception of those or other circumstances depends largely on the perspective. Even in adverse events should be to find for themselves something useful - such as one might think with pleasure.
• Take care of the balance of positive and negative emotions. The first must be balanced against the latter. Those and others should not be too much and not too little.
• Do not use psychotropic drugs, which have a greater impact than ordinary tea. The more widely used psychoactive drugs, the weaker becomes its own regulatory possibilities of the psyche, and the greater dependence on these funds is a person. People tend to use psychotropic drugs in the following cases:

1. For toning (tea, coffee, tobacco, etc.);
2. To reduce the tone (alcohol, hypnotics, etc.);
3. In order to achieve satisfaction of condition (drugs).

• Avoid chronic fatigue. Regular dosage overvoltage, alternated with sufficient rest, supports the survival skills and also must be physiologically. Chronic over-voltage that occurs in humans during long-term adverse effects over the environment, leading to physical and mental exhaustion. To prevent this, it is necessary either to evade the action of harmful factors, or look for ways to compensate for their actions (positive emotions, relaxation, good food).
• Do not overload the information. In addition to fatigue, too much information leads to an uncritical perception of it and inhibits creative thinking.
• Avoid manipulative information impact on the psyche. To do this, avoid the perception of advertising and political speeches, smaller read newspapers, watch TV, listen to the radio.

Scale manipulative media capabilities as follows: Radio> TV> newspaper. Increased manipulativeness radio due to the fact that usually listen to him "half an ear". In this case, there is a perception malokritichnoe and laid in the subconscious different absurd and unnecessary submission, since the content of most of the radio leaves a lot to be desired. Reading newspapers is far less harmful than listening to the radio, because it allows you to vary the pace, skip unnecessary rereading, ie the perception of doing a little more selective and critical.

Apathy

When an unexpected accident when death seems imminent, the greatest danger - to fall into a state of apathy: lose the desire to act. History is replete with examples of major accidents, when people were dying just from the fact that too quickly lost hope and did not do anything to save himself. Protection against apathy is pre-configured to the perception of an emergency situation like your own opportunity to experience something significant: test yourself and prove its usefulness to others, and may even break out in the characters. You should feel elation. Behave in such a way that then was not ashamed to remember every moment.

Situation critical thinking person gives a significant boost to revise its system of self-organization and its outlook. He comes out of it better able to survive and effectively. Some people are willing to perform heroic deeds, just as in the mind, and often unnecessary actions, and left without spectators, lose an incentive to good conduct. As a rule, it is the personality psychopathic warehouse, overly concerned with their place in society and produced the impression on others. Since psychopathic inherent in varying degrees, everyone should be vigilant and critical situation properly motivated to recognize one or another of its drives.

Fear

The feeling of danger encourages caution, mobilizes the body's psychic energy. Who moderately afraid that remains alive and well. Man mobilizes its forces in a threatening situation, if he:

• He is conscious of the opportunity to correct this situation by their actions;
• Volunteering is a risk in order to achieve some important goals;
• Located on the people mind, whose opinion is essential to it, and is willing to make a good impression.

In some people, the risk of depressing, and some cause exhilaration, but the other reactions should be considered abnormal. Fear warns people about the danger, but it is necessary to meet without fear. The harm from undue fear is to reduce the ability to make effective decisions, trembling limbs, the ability to ruin your reputation. Overcome fear of the following ways:

• Aside: not to think about the threat and the actions that need to be committed;
• Find the humor in their situation;
• Supplant the fear of hatred of the enemies rage;
• Focus on the need to make a good impression;
• Angry with himself;
• Look at what is happening as an opportunity to prove their outstanding quality;
• Remembering the people who proved themselves worthy in similar circumstances;
• Think about natural death.

To silently stop trembling in the limbs, it is possible to make some static exercises for the muscles.

Long experience of danger often leads to mental disorders:.. Neuroses, depression, delusions of persecution, etc. The man is tired to be alert and begins to show negligence or despairs and commits acts that lead to death. To withstand the stress, it often distracted by unpleasant experiences, to think of precedents, to sneer at his position, to use every opportunity to relax, to download a pleasant intelligence work, for pleasure. For many people, slowly growing danger is not the proper alarm. For example, many stubborn, when public services are being evicted them from the dangerous areas.

Behavior during a disaster

A small disturbance in critical situations helps to think, a strong - a hindrance. In a state of mental stress can disrupt the perception of time: time as it is stretched. It may happen a split personality: one half thinks and acts, and the other looks at it as if from the outside and betrayed feelings. The other half of the people usually remember some episodes from his life. Intense fear is experienced when the state has not yet come, and split personality when it has already passed. Split - this fear of compensation, distancing from it. In a critical situation that requires quick decisions, work only the strongest habits, suppressing all the other newly acquired skills and knowledge.

Panic

Stampede occurs when the path to salvation seems reasonable, but scarce. If there is no path to salvation, there is no panic. If the path is found, but it seems that all is not time to use it, crush starts. In a panic, people forget about the moral norms, causing damage to each other and often achieve lower results than if it acted in an organized way. Panic does not disable the ability of people to understand the situation, but to reason with the crowd, you have to find a strong argument and a way to attract attention. Sometimes people are confused, stop gunpoint or even revealing the murder of the most active violators of the order.

The consequences of critical situations

As a rule, people who survived the accident, found mental disorders: insomnia, apathy, anxiety, nightmares, loss of appetite, impotence. Mental problems often do not begin immediately after the accident, and within a few months. Postcatastrophic reversible disorders of the psyche. It helps to communicate with people who have experienced similar incidents, and in general with all who are able to listen to the candid story sympathetically.

Practice self-control

Many are confident in your self-control, until they are in a critical situation. Fear, anger, excitement - a very strong emotion that can capture the mind, to bring a person from under volitional control. They are easier to suppress before they show up in full force. To get the hang of this suppression, should occasionally fall into the not too risky situations in which these emotions occur. Partial replacement of this experience - the mental simulation of these situations and their behavior in them. Experienced in the imagination of a meeting with a robber, a fight in a restaurant, a fire on the plane and so on. You can invent the formula of auto-suggestion and saturate their associations. For example: "I am not afraid of death, because after it will have nothing to remember. My death - nothing to the universe. " Etc. Do not feel the nerves of others instead of their own: to wait for the train lying on the rails, etc. Test height - is another matter..... Try to approach the edge of the roof - is attached to a rope, just in case. Watch movies in which characters get into stressful situations. You will be able to remember these films for the benefit when they themselves will be in similar circumstances. Also make practical conclusions from what he saw: and restore the system to increase its survival.

Single insulation

The man is very poorly tolerate the lack of new experiences: the brain needs regular load, as well as any other organ. The lack of information inhibits the psyche. The conditions of isolation from others and from the world events in developing human laziness, drowsiness, but disturbed sleep at night. Single camera - the strongest punishment for a prisoner. But this situation was not hopeless for the intellectual. The main danger with prolonged isolation - it is depression. You become emotionally more sensitive and therefore more vulnerable by their moods.

In order not to degrade, it is necessary to find a useful lesson. Take advantage of the peace in order to bring knowledge, ideas for the development of self-organization. Remember read books, seen the films. Pay attention to the pleasant interior design, as far as possible. If the power is enough, do some muscle building. If the food is not enough, do gymnastics on the system of yoga and exercises to develop dexterity. Care for some plant, or at least for the mold. Get yourself a pet, such as a spider. Watch him put experiments, try to do it in training. You will discover something not useless. In the psycho-hygienic and creative to use the method of "split personality" - without having to wait until your identity is split in two as a result of mental illness. There are many options: the optimist and the pessimist, statist and anarchist, ascetic and sybarite, and selfish character, etc. If bifurcate boring - triple, quadruple... Pathological in this: the person can alternately look at the world from different perspectives and to contradict himself.

Consciously begin thinking out loud. This ever will by itself, and for the prevention of mental disorders is better to resort to it well in advance. Practise the art of oratory, keep language skills. Try to sing or compose music. Creativity - way to prevention of mental disorders in isolation. Preferably intellectual creativity: its products, no one can rob you while you're sane. The difficulty of keeping records - a good reason to start a serious memory training. Features of development of memory is very large, and you can not very well keep a complex theory in the head. Availability of funds letter led to the degradation of the ability to remember in modern humans, but this quality is to a large extent recoverable. Make plans for the future. While there is something to hope for, and find strength to fight. If you can not hope for that, then it is likely to be hope for a miracle.

Insulation group

Interpersonal conflicts - almost the main problem of long expeditions. The need to constantly communicate exclusively with the same small group of people, and the inability to avoid contact with it makes a person irritable. The reason, apparently, is that a normal human need to experience hatred, usually met by many actors and social groups, is aimed at a few specific people in a group isolation. Preventing conflicts arising in the conditions of group isolation is accomplished by careful selection of the people and of their mental preparation. If there is an opportunity to choose a neighbor, it is necessary to consider the following qualities in it:

• Physical strength (the ability to beat you in a fight);
• Level Storage and intelligence (the ability to understand the root causes of conflicts);
• Behavioural Flexibility (adaptability), the ability to change his mind;
• Moral qualities (willingness to compromise, etc...);
• Compatibility of domestic habits;
• Compatibility worldviews;
• The mutual interest and respect.

Depression

Life - is a continuous stream of trouble, and the man only is a full body - worthy to live - when it is easy to cope with this flow from some trouble dodging some redirects to other people (guilty in them or more capable of dealing with them) some eliminate, showing willpower and creativity, some just do not pay attention. He suffers only to the extent that it is necessary to stimulate its activity and to maintain the ability to tolerate the hassles that can sometimes be too much because of his mistakes or because of some irregularities in the stream.

Depression occurs as a result of the failure of a large or a large loss. Depression can also cause a set of small troubles, lack of success in life - when "all bad." In such a state can be formed suicidal mood, ie, obsessive thoughts of suicide. To perform in the doldrums some large irreparable folly, set itself the rule: always put off making decisions whenever possible. The morning is wiser than the evening. There will be new ideas, circumstances change, someone will give good advice. Please note that any severe emotional loss experienced only the first few days. Then the person gets used. Please be forces for three days.

Since the switch from thinking about the excessive trouble thinking of something pleasant happens too hard, you can focus on some other trouble - at least stung. In the brain are two centers of excitation can not exist simultaneously, and the first trouble will cease to occupy your attention entirely. If you do not want to live, conduct an audit of those joys that are available for you yet. They can gain enough to justify your existence. If it is impossible to eliminate the trouble must try at least to compensate for their pleasures. Of course, it should be limited to such pleasures, which are harmless to your health. If you have enemies, think about how they will be pleased by your premature death, or some of your desperate folly. If you all my life did not dare to some good, but difficult to act, take his last. This can significantly change your life circumstances and your mood in the right direction.

Good medicine for depression - work or some other distracting activity. To unpleasant incident not oppressed, we must treat them as an inevitable natural phenomenon. Feed moderate trouble - a normal component of life. The deficit trouble leads to degradation of the ability to withstand them, and makes a person more vulnerable. Minor trouble benefit a reminder of the possibility of large, against which it is better to take action in advance. When there is trouble, it is necessary to calm or even with some look forward to them. When they appear, it is necessary to be happy that the uncertainty is gone, and that did not happen even worse. Excess trouble is useful because it contributes to the development of intelligence.

Few great men have lived a happy life. Some of them suffered so that few would want to take their place. Sometimes minor troubles make it impossible to attack the big troubles and thus become useful ( "There is no silver lining"). Therefore, in respect of almost every failure it is appropriate to assume that maybe it will save you from something even more undesirable. This helps maintain a good (or very bad) mood.

Insomnia

Normal sleep - a necessary condition for the health and intellectual productivity. To sleep the following conditions are required:

• The average degree of fatigue;
• Comfortable posture;
• Soft bed;
• Thermal comfort;
• The lack of distracting influences: sound, touch, etc .;
• The absence of sensations of hunger, thirst, pain, etc .;
• The absence of unpleasant thoughts, mental excitation, information overload;
• Familiar surroundings.

Failure to meet any of these conditions usually leads to sleep disturbances, which can manifest itself in difficulty falling asleep, waking up prematurely, shallow sleep. The most demanding of conditions of sleep choleric. A higher degree of fatigue makes the body less choosy in respect of conditions of sleep, but it is in itself painful, is unfavorable for the activity and unhealthy. For, it is necessary to fall asleep better, among other things, not to engage in before sleep reflections on the unpleasant and not read anything exciting. Examination of the day is usually not conducive to falling asleep, and it is better to complete it in advance or not do them at all. As for distracting sounds, they can drown out "white noise" from any device. Falling asleep is typically passes through the following phases:

• Arrangement (finding a comfortable posture and so on.);
• Relaxation;
• Violation of harmony of thought;
• Time lapses of consciousness;
• Sustained sleep.

To quickly go to sleep, you have to grab the first thing that harmony was broken as a result of partial sleep: do not correct it, and concentrate on it and let it develop. If the first attempt is interrupted sleep, it often leads to insomnia, so you need to take care of the first attempt, and carefully prepare the conditions for its successful implementation. The cause of insomnia may be the fear of it, so you should have ready something for quiet reading, and not treat it as a big trouble.

Anger, resentment, hatred

Each person can choose whom to love, whom to hate, whom to ignore. The choice often depends more on select plans, than the personal qualities or actions of the people around him, because the same human failings sometimes easy to say goodbye to us, sometimes people are put in the wine. In addition, the number of loved and hated, and the degree of experienced them feelings affect physiological need to experience the love and hatred (of course, it is necessary to meet this need in a moderate way: not too much, not too little). Thus, one and the same individual can become for us an object of love or a hate depending on at which way the front, he inadvertently found himself in the current scenario of our intentions, and that score we have or have not typed physiologically required amount of friends and enemies .

Loving people in a Christian can afford only those who do not want anything from them: all who provided himself and is in contact with them only when he wants to do a good deed or to suffer. The rest are doomed to a clash of interests. They either fight or die out. They need all the time to keep the defense on the perimeter of their territory, otherwise it quickly to the hands priberut neighbors. Of course, among those with whom you come into contact, there are also people who are not prone to expansion (restrained by internal factors rather than external obstacles, or just weak), but they are few. More or less bitter war with their own kind - a normal and an integral component of life and even a necessity. Someone has to fight any more, someone less; someone withstand the hardships of struggle, some do not.

In order not to exhaust himself with hatred, for which there is no discharge, it is necessary to treat their implacable enemies as inferior beings (like cockroaches), which are not covered by your social instincts. Do not engage with them in any negotiations, wrangling, explanations, and quietly prepare their responses. If you can not escape from the angry thoughts about your opponent, and you can not turn our attention even on something very nice, think about their other enemies: it is somewhat comforting rather than inflame even more. Control of excessive anger is also facilitated by focusing on revenge plans. can not walk, but lived through a difficult period is less painful to implementation plans.

When planning a response to the inflicted harm you should choose cautious means: keep in mind that if you imagined you distribute blows right and left their opponents, something to break the real aggressive trick, you need a very slight push (because internally you will have it set up ), and thereby, deciding one, you will create another problem. Speech and action have a significant inverse effect on the psyche, so to overcome the excessive nervousness, it is useful to talk quietly to yourself (out loud or mentally) or engage in any distracting work.

Offense

Resentment is of great benefit when seen appropriate. It forces to achieve a higher status in society, or at least keep the one that is. And it is able to poison the life, when there is the slightest pretext. Of course, we must pay attention to the little things - because only they can be used to recognize the approaching trouble. But do not immediately react to these little things - without examining the circumstances. Absolute sensitivity can not be, and someone will always be inadvertently slightly attack you on your feet. Resentment does not arise in relation to the enemy, but only in relation to what one could expect anything bad. Therefore, to repay the offense, the offender is enough to enroll at enemies. Some people have a sense of resentment is excessive and appears distorted. Such people revel in their grievances, and if the latter is not enough, look for new ones.

Envy

Envy is good for health and social human growth if prompts him to activities aimed at, to catch up with those in relation to whom it arises, and also has a chance of success, and is harmful if not encourages to any activity or forced to take on a daunting task, and causing trouble to those who are better off, or society for neglecting to avenge him. It is necessary to manage their envy: to excite it in ourselves to be used as an incentive, and suppress it if it is not necessary or if circumstances make it impossible for your success in the stimulus. At a certain flexibility of mind can be found in the dignity that what others see only disadvantages, and to become a point of view from which you look is not the worst way. To extinguish inappropriate broke out in relation to someone a feeling of envy, it is enough to concentrate on the thought of how many people there are in the world that are worthy of your jealousy even more.

Drudgery

Many intellectuals do not tolerate monotonous physical work. It is so alien to them and painful that I have to fight with desperation. In order to suffer less, it is necessary to use the fact that such work usually makes us think of something else. At the time of take a head putting in order of past experiences: remember pleasant episodes, movies, and books. Analyze your life. This is entertainment enough for a long time. Still it is possible to dream - about how well all ever will. Look for benefits in the situation. It may consist, for example, in the training of the muscles in the development of certain mental qualities. In every job there may be some improvement. For example, when digging the pit, you can optimize the way of holding the shovel, the rhythm of movement, the size of effort, body position, the sequence of soil extraction and so on. D. It will make the work less boring and less severe.

Excitement

People tend to worry a risky activity and during it. If before such action to avoid the troublesome thought about it, the excitement may occur in the course of its fulfillment - when there is even less desirable. Therefore it is better to deal with their feelings in advance. To reduce anxiety, the following are recommended:

Before performing these steps:

• It appears that the excitement does not stop, and prepare the mind and the rest of the body to carry out the required actions;
• Work out (at least mentally) the various elements of the required actions and advance to recall something that can be useful;
• Optimistic estimate the consequences of a possible failure to consider ways to compensate for its adverse effects.

In carrying out these steps:

• Displace or to press the excitement of another strong experience (think about something very pleasant or very unpleasant);
• Look at your situation from the outside, imagine being her researcher;
• Load the muscles;
• Cause yourself pain.

Phobias

Phobia (obsessive fear) - a perverse manifestation of the desire for security. People are afraid of bacteria, spiders, horses, dogs, fungi, closed or open space, water, heights, darkness, thunderstorms, the elderly, doctors, medicines, and so on. D. Painful rejection of any factor can be manifested not only in the form of fear, but also in the form of aversion or hatred. Often it becomes the intrusive nature of concern is not for myself, but for their children. Frequent exposure to the factor causing the rejection, from which it is impossible to protect, leads to the development of neurasthenia. Anyone who suffers from a phobia is some rationale for their emotions and to take protective measures. The presence of any phobia is good because it shows a lack of propensity for self-destruction. In any way can not hurt, for example, phobias in relation to alcohol, drugs, sexual perversions. To overcome excessive obsessive fear, it is necessary to think about the utility of moderate episodic exposure to certain destructive factors, the inevitability of risk, about the dangers of inappropriate and experiences that people are not able to cope with excessive fear, is defective. To suppress the fears should not resort to the use of alcohol or other psychotropic drugs, because it replaces one problem another, no less severe.

Alcohol consumption

Alcohol in very small amounts is harmless to the body and may even have a positive effect (warming, stress), but to refrain from excessive use of alcoholic beverages is easier if we exclude them from use at all. If you want to be special, it is a good way for you to stand out. Some, on the contrary, have to drink alcohol in the company, in order not to stand out too. Among other things, a drunken man - a potential victim sober villains. To stretch the processing of alcohol by the body over time and, consequently, reduce the degree of intoxication, it is necessary well to have a snack. Every hearty snack absorbs alcohol and inhibits the absorption of his stomach walls. Thus, you will have time to get to the toilet and stick two fingers in his mouth. If vomiting does not work, help your fingers in the bowl and try again.

To the alcohol in the body rather recycled, it is necessary to intensively move. Neutralization of alcohol intake also helps high dose (1 g) of ascorbic acid. The use of homemade berry liqueurs, denatured alcohol, and poor-quality drinks made on the underground factories, can cause fatal poisoning.

Drug use

It is human nature to seek pleasure and avoid trouble. If the normal state of health he lacks the natural pleasures, he resorts to artificial. Among the latter - and the music, and movies, and drugs. Reasons for people to drugs:

• Deficiency of pleasant emotions caused by the shortage of goods or, on the contrary, they cloying;
• Curiosity;
• The desire to look like an experienced person;
• The desire to keep up with friends.

Do not try drugs under any pretext. For health, may not be much harm from once, but a moral barrier will be broken forever, succumb to the temptation for the second time much easier. Generally, the best way to protect yourself from the dangerous temptations - not to try. Personal experience is a slight improvement over the risk of disintegration of the personality, and the destruction of health. Of course, the rigid self-discipline suspicious to others and brings additional difficulties in communication, but if you have a strong personality or want it to be, you do not need to adjust to the opinion of ordinary people weak. In addition, endurance and stamina significantly add value to you in business contacts, when applying for a job in a solid institution, as well as in relations with the other sex.

Saving hope

In unfavorable conditions, it helps keep hope for the best. Soldier dream about the end of life, Robinson - a sail on the horizon. When it is running out of hope and ends with life. There are few things, which is to believe, and one of them - the existence of an acceptable exit from any unpleasant situation. The difficulty is only if you are smart enough to find the way out. Have spare dream in case of failure the main. Do not place undue expectations on any one strong move. It is necessary to move in several directions. However, over the same should not be scattered, or certainly not achieve anything. The hopes are realized and unrealizable. The last useful because they help to wait for favorable circumstances or good ideas. One hopes to push activities, others justify inaction. The first is preferable only if the activity caused by them one way or another is something quite useful, even if expectations are not met.

Of course, if it comes just thought, you better hope that you will come up with a solution to their problems than the fact that the problems will be solved by themselves, although the latter is also sometimes happens. Acquisition and maintenance of hope promote cinema and literature tour. Most of the works (not tragic, of course) of the event completed successfully for the main character.