Rubella and Vaccines... Prevention is better than cure
We present the English translation of the post by @giornalista titled Rosolia e Vaccini…prevenire è meglio che curare, originally in Italian
Translation by @moncia90 revised by the @davinci.polyglot team.
Rubella and Vaccines... prevention is better than cure
Rubella vaccine is among the 10 mandatory vaccines in Italy. However, to fully understand how the vaccine works it’s essential to understand how the pathology develops.
Rubella (or German Measels) is a viral disease that can be transmitted through the respiratory tract and saliva secretions, but most of all and with more serious consequences through the contagion of the fetus by pregnant women, also called *congenital rubella*.
The virus responsible for this disease is the **Rubivirus** from the *Togaviridae* family. (1).
CC0 Creative CommonsSYMPTOMS
Rubella (or German Measels) is a viral disease that can be transmitted through the respiratory tract and saliva secretions, but most of all and with more serious consequences through the contagion of the fetus by pregnant women, also called *congenital rubella*.
The virus responsible for this disease is the **Rubivirus** from the *Togaviridae* family. (1).
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The infection occurs through the respiratory tract or coming into direct contact with nasopharyngeal secretions. On average, in childhood or in adults, the virus has an incubation of 2-3 weeks before the onset of the first symptoms and appears to be infectious in the last period.
The real danger is only in cases of pregnant women (congenital rubella syndrome, SRC), since it is very dangerous for the fetus, especially in the first period as it may cause spontaneous abortions, uterine death or severe fetal malformations. (2).
The possible consequences after birth are vision defects, deafness, cardiac malformations and congenital mental retardation.
The period of contagion can last for months, with a very high infectious potential that requires isolation, both during hospitalization and when returning home. The symptoms are often very slight and can be completely absent in many cases:THERAPY and VACCINE
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The real danger is only in cases of pregnant women (congenital rubella syndrome, SRC), since it is very dangerous for the fetus, especially in the first period as it may cause spontaneous abortions, uterine death or severe fetal malformations. (2).
The possible consequences after birth are vision defects, deafness, cardiac malformations and congenital mental retardation.
The period of contagion can last for months, with a very high infectious potential that requires isolation, both during hospitalization and when returning home. The symptoms are often very slight and can be completely absent in many cases:
- Mild fever or migraine.
- Swollen lymph nodes on the back of the neck and behind the ears.
- Decreased white blood cells.
- Swollen and red eyes.
- Small pink spots that initially appear on the face and then on the whole body.
The diagnosis is made by looking for antibodies to the virus through blood tests.
At present there is no effective and decisive therapy, the disease simply tends to fade over time. The only effective means is the use of Paracetamol to relieve fever.
The only effective way to prevent this disease is the vaccine, which consists in introducing a live attenuated virus that has an efficacy rate that exceeds 95%.
The first dose is recommended after the first year of age, with a recall after the sixth year. (3).
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Vaccination is not given to people with immune deficiency or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy (4), while it is highly recommended in people with HIV who have not contracted AIDS.
It is fundamental to understand the importance of prevention for this and for many other diseases.
Having the privilege of receiving medical treatment and vaccines should not be taken for granted but reputed to be a great fortune.
Every year in the world over 100.000 women give birth to children with congenital rubella, due to lack of education or appropriate treatment. The average age of humans continues to grow, we live more and better, and this can not and should not be attributed to fortuity or fortune, but it is the result of improvements in the medical, technological, scientific and social fields.
We must respect our lives and protect ourselves through knowledge.
Every year in the world over 100.000 women give birth to children with congenital rubella, due to lack of education or appropriate treatment. The average age of humans continues to grow, we live more and better, and this can not and should not be attributed to fortuity or fortune, but it is the result of improvements in the medical, technological, scientific and social fields.
We must respect our lives and protect ourselves through knowledge.
SOURCES
1. Togaviruses: Rubella Virus; Paul D. Parkman. http://intranet.tdmu.edu.ua/data/cd/disk2/ch055.htm
2. Seroepidemiology by Toxoplasma gondii infections, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus in a cohort of pregnant women. http://ftp.clinicsandpractice.org/index.php/mm/article/view/2936
3. Rubella, ITALIAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/salute/p1_5.jsp?Language=Italian&id=11&area=InfectiousDiseases
4. Efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy and steroid sparing effect in interstitial lung disease associated with antisynthetase syndrome; N. Franzolini, L. Quartuccio, G. De Marchi, S. De Vita. http://www.reumatismo.org/index.php/reuma/article/view/328
2. Seroepidemiology by Toxoplasma gondii infections, Rubella virus and Cytomegalovirus in a cohort of pregnant women. http://ftp.clinicsandpractice.org/index.php/mm/article/view/2936
3. Rubella, ITALIAN MINISTRY OF HEALTH http://www.salute.gov.it/portale/salute/p1_5.jsp?Language=Italian&id=11&area=InfectiousDiseases
4. Efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy and steroid sparing effect in interstitial lung disease associated with antisynthetase syndrome; N. Franzolini, L. Quartuccio, G. De Marchi, S. De Vita. http://www.reumatismo.org/index.php/reuma/article/view/328
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