Illegal Gold Mining in Aceh

in #indonesia7 years ago (edited)

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Until 2017, Walhi Aceh recorded at least ten districts / municipalities that still have illegal gold mining activities in Aceh. As; Aceh Jaya, South Aceh, Aceh Besar, Central Aceh, Pidie, Subulussalam, Aceh Barat Daya, Gayo Lues, and Aceh Barat.

The characteristic or pattern of illegal gold mining is done by individuals and community groups, as well as using mercury materials. Workers in these illegal mining activities use local labor and are also imported from outside the region. While the marketing pattern of gold produced, there are sold directly to the toke-toke field, there are also sold into / outside the region. Although it is difficult to prove, it is common knowledge that the capital requirement for illegal gold mining activities is funded by outside parties / entrepreneurs, this condition is generally applicable to all areas in Aceh.

Illegal gold mining in Pidie Regency is located in five locations, namely Krueng Tangse, Krueng Sikolen, Krueng Geumpang, Mt Miwah, and Gampong Bangkeh. However, based on the recognition of residents from five locations, illegal gold mining in Krueng Geumpang which has many holes mining.

Illegal gold mining in Geumpang began to occur around the year 2009. Vulnerable time 2009 - 2014 mine opening is done traditionally (not using heavy equipment). However, by 2014 miners have begun to use heavy equipment to make mine holes. Illegal gold mining using heavy equipment patterns is in Alue Saya, Alue Rek, and Alue Suloek. The three rivers are part of the Upper River Basin (WS) Woyla - Batee Kabupaten Aceh Barat.

Illegal gold mining in Pidie has seriously affected the environment. As; Krueng Geumpang contamination, Krueng Tangse, and other river flows also affect the destruction of protected forest functions. In addition, mining activities have also claimed casualties for workers. Walhi Aceh noted, vulnerable in 2010 - 2016, as many as 38 workers died due to landslide and buried in a mine in Aceh. Of these figures, 27 of them died at the Pidie mine site.

*** Field Facts ***

  1. Mining Pattern
    Mining patterns using heavy equipment are along the Alue Suloek and Alue Saya rivers. Heavy equipment exacerbates the sand and rocks that lie in rivers and river cliffs. Heavy equipment overthrows large trees on the cliffs and riverbanks. Then the tree is abandoned and dragged into the middle of the river. There are also some trees made into wood to make camp / mine shacks and sand filters / stingers.
    Sand and rocks dredged by heavy equipment are then spilled onto the sieve while sprayed with a machine to separate the gold that is accommodated on the ambal. The rest of the sand and rocks are piled in the middle of the river.
    1.jpg
    Beko heavy equipment is dredging the illegal gold in the river
  2. Oil Mobilization for heavy equipment
    The need for heavy fuel oil (BBM) is delivered using citizen courier service. On the Geumpang - Meulaboh road there is a camp of oil reservoir at coordinates of 96 ° 7 '23.07 "E 4 ° 43' 22.17" N, which then from the camp by residents distributes to a number of heavy equipment in the river. Fuel Distribution for heavy equipment located in Alue I by way of coordinates 96 ° 7 '12.96 "E 4 ° 43' 29.62" N.
    From camp shelters, residents use ruckser sacks on foot to deliver fuel to the location of heavy equipment. Inter-jerry costs ranged from 100 to 200 thousand depending on mileage. Citizen recognition, per day perwarga able to deliver fuel at most four jerry cans. Unlike the case with people who use buffalo, able to deliver 15-25 jerry per day.
    Based on the residents' recognition, the mine owner took fuel at one of the existing gas stations in the city of Sigli. Residents also acknowledged that there was fuel delivered by oil businessmen (not miners) but residents did not inform the entrepreneur's identity. Every day heavy equipment spends about 160 liters of fuel.
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    a 30-liter diesel oil jerk stack for beko heavy equipment at an illegal gold mining location
  3. Labor
    Based on the community's recognition, miners are locals (Pidie), from Bireuen, West Aceh, Nagan Raya, Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Utara, Aceh Besar, Pidie Jaya, from outside Aceh and outside Sumatra.
    Residents who work as manual gold panners generally come from Geumpang and also outside the region. While workers in the heavy equipment that comes from the local population and also outside the area, especially that acts as a heavy equipment operator. Each machine uses four laborers. Work patterns use profit sharing patterns (50:50), and new earnings counts are made on every 100 hours of machine operation. The amount of gold earned with the heavy mining pattern of heavy equipment, per day get gold about 1 ounce more.
  4. Marketing
    Based on the community's recognition, the gold obtained is marketed to several districts, such as Pidie, Bireuen, Takengon, Banda Aceh, and several other districts depending on market conditions. In addition, some are sold out of Aceh. Marketing patterns are delivered directly to the marketing area, there are also gold entrepreneurs who come directly to the miners. But residents do not tell the identity team of the businessman or the name of the gold shop.
  5. Mine owners and dues are required
    Residents acknowledged the overall gold mining location was under the control of the "committee". Every mining entrepreneur and the owner of heavy equipment in mining should be informed to the committee. Owners of heavy equipment must pay 10 million to the committee at the time of heavy equipment delivered to the location. Then the mining entrepreneur or the owner of heavy equipment, every month there is a mandatory fee of 5 million which is deposited to the committee.
    Residents interviewed by the investigation team did not dare to notify the identity of the mine owners and heavy equipment. However, residents mention the owners of mines or heavy equipment are the entrepreneurs and owners of gas stations, elements of officials, elements of the TNI / Police, as well as elements of political party officials.

6.Damage to Forest and River Flow
Illegal gold mining within the Geumpang protected forest area has had a serious impact on the natural functioning of forests and rivers. Along the road to the mine site found hundreds of trees fell due to road construction. Similarly, conditions in the river, mining using tools has damaged the flow of rivers, cliffs, and the loss of riverbanks. The pile of sand / stinging, rocks, and trees along the stream had blocked the water rate. In addition to the flood disaster, landslide disaster to become a major threat will occur at the mine site.
Recognition of the residents, before any mining activity, the width of the river between 8 - 10 meters including the riverbank. However, the current condition of Alue Suloek already has a width between 50 - 80 meters. The same is true in My Alue.
Area of ​​mine per machine between 20-40 meters long river. If calculated by the number of heavy equipment (estimated residents 300 units) then the length of river flow that has been used as a mine location to reach 9 Km (accumulation of Alue I and Alue Suloek).
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the condition of river flow after the illegal gold mining activities

Legal effort

  1. The Regional Leadership Coordination Forum (FORKOPIMDA) of Pidie District issued a joint appeal on the prohibition of illegal gold mining in Pidie District.
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    counsel with FORKOPIMDA Pidie about the illegal mining activities in Pidie
  2. Local Police (POLDA) of Aceh together with Police Pidie conduct curbing, arresting perpetrators and owners of capital, and confiscate heavy equipment.

Based on the community's recognition in the field, after enforcement at the end of 2017, illegal gold mining activities in Pidie again occur. For that it takes hard work and the government and law enforcement agencies to discipline thoroughly so as to inhibit the occurrence of more severe ecological disaster in Aceh


I am a member of Steemit Indonesia Community #KSI Chapter Banda Aceh


Indonesian


Sampai tahun 2017, Walhi Aceh mencatat setidaknya ada sepuluh kab/kota yang masih memiliki aktifitas pertambangan emas illegal di Aceh. Seperti; Aceh Jaya, Aceh Selatan, Aceh Besar, Aceh Tengah, Pidie, Subulussalam, Aceh Barat Daya, Gayo Lues, dan Aceh Barat.

Karakteristik atau pola penambangan emas ilegal tersebut dilakukan oleh individu dan kelompok masyarakat, serta menggunakan bahan merkuri. Tenaga kerja dalam aktifitas pertambangan ilegal ini menggunakan tenaga kerja lokal dan juga didatangkan dari luar daerah. Sedangkan pola pemasaran emas yang dihasilkan, ada yang dijual langsung dilapangan kepada toke-toke, ada juga yang dijual ke dalam/luar daerah. Meskipun sulit untuk dibuktikan, namun sudah menjadi rahasia umum kebutuhan modal untuk kegiatan penambangan emas ilegal ini didanai oleh pihak/pengusaha dari luar, kondisi ini berlaku umum untuk semua daerah di Aceh.

Pertambangan emas ilegal di Kabupaten Pidie berada di lima lokasi, yaitu Krueng Tangse, Krueng Sikolen, Krueng Geumpang, Gunung Miwah, dan Gampong Bangkeh. Namun berdasarkan pengakuan warga dari lima lokasi tersebut, pertambangan emas ilegal di Krueng Geumpang yang miliki banyak lobang tambang.

Pertambangan emas ilegal di Geumpang mulai terjadi sekitar tahun 2009. Rentan waktu 2009 – 2014 pembukaan tambang dilakukan secara tradisional (belum menggunakan alat berat). Akan tetapi diatas tahun 2014 pekerja tambang sudah mulai menggunakan alat berat untuk membuat lobang tambang. Pertambangan emas ilegal dengan pola menggunakan alat berat berada di Alue Saya, Alue Rek, dan Alue Suloek. Ketiga sungai tersebut bermuara bagian dari hulu Wilayah Sungai (WS) Woyla – Batee Kabupaten Aceh Barat.

Pertambangan emas ilegal di Pidie telah berdampak serius terhadap kelangsungan lingkungan hidup. Seperti; terjadi pencemaran Krueng Geumpang, Krueng Tangse, serta aliran sungai lainnya, pertambangan tersebut juga berdampak terhadap rusaknya fungsi hutan lindung. Selain itu, aktifitas pertambangan juga telah menelan korban jiwa bagi pekerja. Walhi Aceh mencatat, rentan waktu 2010 – 2016, sebanyak 38 orang pekerja meninggal akibat longsor dan tertimbun dalam lobang tambang di Aceh. Dari angka tersebut, 27 orang diantaranya meninggal di lokasi tambang Pidie.

Fakta Lapangan

  1. Pola Penambangan
    Pola penambangan menggunakan alat berat berada disepanjang sungai Alue Suloek dan Alue Saya. Alat berat menguruk pasir dan bebatuan yang berada di sungai dan tebing sungai. Alat berat menumbangkan pohon – pohon besar yang berada di tebing dan bantaran sungai. Kemudian pohon tersebut ditelantarkan dan diseret ke tengah sungai. Ada juga sebagian pohon dijadikan kayu untuk membuat camp/gubuk pekerja tambang dan saringan pasir/kerikir.
    Pasir dan bebatuan yang dikeruk oleh alat berat kemudian ditumpahkan ke tempat saringan sambil disemprot pakai mesin untuk memisahkan emas yang tertampung pada ambal. Sisa pasir dan batuan ditumpukan di tengah sungai.
  2. Mobilisasi Minyak untuk alat berat
    Kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) alat berat diantar menggunakan jasa kurir warga. Temuan tim dilapangan, di jalan Geumpang – Meulaboh ada satu camp tempat penampungan minyak pada koordinat 96° 7' 23.07" E 4° 43' 22.17" N, yang kemudian dari camp tersebut oleh warga mendistribusikan ke sejumlah alat berat yang ada di sungai. Distribusi BBM untuk alat berat yang berada di Alue Saya melalui jalan pada koordinat 96° 7' 12.96" E 4° 43' 29.62" N.
    Dari camp penampungan, warga menggunakan ranser karung berjalan kaki mengantar BBM ke lokasi alat berat. Biaya antar per jerigen berkisar antara 100 – 200 ribu tergantung jarak tempuh. Pengakuan warga, perhari perwarga mampu mengantar BBM paling banyak empat jerigen. Beda halnya dengan warga yang menggunakan kerbau, mampu mengantar 15 - 25 jerigen per hari.
    Berdasarkan pengakuan warga, pemilik tambang mengambil BBM di salah satu SPBU yang ada di kota Sigli. Warga juga mengakui ada BBM yang diantar oleh pengusaha minyak (bukan penambang) namun warga tidak memberitahukan identitas pengusaha tersebut. Perhari setiap alat berat menghabiskan BBM sekitar 160 liter.
  3. Tenaga Kerja
    Berdasarkan pengakuan warga, pekerja tambang merupakan penduduk dari lokal (Pidie), berasal dari kabupaten Bireuen, Aceh Barat, Nagan Raya, Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Utara, Aceh Besar, Pidie Jaya, dari luar Aceh dan luar pulau Sumatera.
    Warga yang berprofesi sebagai pendulang emas manual pada umumnya berasal dari Geumpang dan juga luar daerah. Sedangkan pekerja di alat berat ada yang berasal dari penduduk lokal dan juga luar daerah khususnya yang berperan sebagai operator alat berat. Setiap alat berat menggunakan empat orang tenaga kerja. Pola kerja menggunakan pola bagi hasil (50:50), dan hitungan penghasilan baru dilakukan pada setiap 100 jam operasi alat berat. Jumlah emas yang didapatkan dengan pola penambangan alat berat, perhari mendapatkan emas sekitar 1 ons lebih.
  4. Pemasaran
    Berdasarkan pengakuan warga, emas yang didapatkan dipasarkan ke beberapa kabupaten, seperti Pidie, Bireuen, Takengon, Banda Aceh, dan beberapa kabupaten lain tergantung kondisi pasar. Selain itu, ada juga yang dijual ke luar Aceh. Pola pemasaran ada yang diantar langsung ke daerah pemasaran, ada juga pengusaha emas yang datang membali langsung pada penambang. Namun warga tidak memberitahukan kepada tim identitas pengusaha atau nama toko emas tersebut.
  5. Pemilik tambang dan iuran wajib
    Warga mengakui lokasi penambangan emas secara keseluruhan berada dibawah kontrol “panitia” . Setiap pengusaha tambang dan pemilik alat berat dalam melakukan penambangan harus sepengetahuan panitia. Pemilik alat berat wajib menyetor uang 10 juta kepada panitia pada saat alat berat diantar kelokasi. Kemudian pengusaha tambang atau pemilik alat berat, setiap bulan ada iuran wajib sebesar 5 juta yang disetorkan kepada panitia.
    Warga yang diwawancarai oleh tim investigasi tidak berani memberitahukan identitas pemilik tambang dan alat berat. Akan tetapi warga menyebutkan pemilik tambang atau alat berat merupakan para pengusaha dan pemilik SPBU, oknum pejabat, oknum TNI/Polri, dan juga oknum pengurus partai politik.
  6. Kerusakan Hutan dan Aliran Sungai
    Pertambangan emas ilegal dalam kawasan hutan lindung Geumpang telah berdampak serius terhadap keutuhan fungsi alami hutan dan sungai. Sepanjang jalan menuju lokasi tambang ditemukan ratusan pohon tumbang akibat pembangunan jalan. Begitu pula halnya kondisi di sungai, penambangan menggunakan alat telah merusak aliran sungai, tebing, serta hilangnya bantaran sungai. Tumpukan pasir/kerikir, batu, dan pohon disepanjang aliran sungai telah menghambat laju air. Selain bencana banjir, bencana longsor untuk menjadi ancaman besar akan terjadi di lokasi tambang.
    Pengakuan warga, sebelum ada aktifitas pertambangan, lebar sungai antara 8 – 10 meter termasuk bantaran. Akan tetapi kondisi saat ini Alue Suloek sudah memiliki lebar antara 50 – 80 meter. Kondisi yang sama juga terjadi di Alue Saya.
    Luas lokasi tambang per alat berat antara 20 – 40 meter panjang sungai. Jika dihitung dengan jumlah alat berat (perkiraan warga 300 unit) maka panjang aliran sungai yang telah dijadikan sebagai lokasi tambang mencapai 9 Km (akumulasi dari Alue Saya dan Alue Suloek).

Upaya Hukum

  1. Forum Koordinasi Pimpinan Daerah (FORKOPIMDA) Kabupaten Pidie mengeluarkan seruan himbauan bersama tentang larangan melakukan pertambangan emas ilegal di Kabupaten Pidie.
  2. Polisi Daerah (POLDA) Aceh bersama Polres Pidie melakukan penertiban, penangkapan pelaku dan pemilik modal, serta menyita alat berat.

Berdasarkan pengakuan masyarakat di lapangan, setelah dilakukan penertiban pada akhir tahun 2017, saat ini aktifitas pertambangan emas ilegal di Pidie kembali terjadi. Untuk itu butuh kerja keras dan pemerintah dan lembaga penegak hukum untuk menertibkan secara tuntas sehingga dapat menghambat terjadinya bencana ekologi yang lebih parah di Aceh


saya adalah anggota Komunitas Steemit Indonesia #KSI Chapter Banda Aceh


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Stop Gold Mining in Aceh Forest, No more Illegal Mining

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