Mahara desh INDIA

India, officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[e] is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[f] China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.

Republic of India
Bhārat Gaṇarājya

Flag

State Emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit)
"Truth Alone Triumphs"[1]
Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana" (Hindi)[2]
"Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"[3][2]

National song
"Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)
"I Bow to Thee, Mother"[a][1][2]

Area controlled by India shown in dark green;
claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
Capital New Delhi
28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E
Largest city Mumbai
18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E
Official languages
Hindi English[b][6]
Recognised regional languages
State level and
Eighth Schedule[7]
Assamese · Bengali · Bodo · Dogri · Gujarati · Kannada · Kashmiri · Kokborok · Konkani · Maithili · Malayalam · Manipuri · Marathi · Mizo · Nepali · Odia · Punjabi · Sanskrit · Santali · Sindhi · Tamil · Telugu · Urdu
National language None[8][9]
Religion 79.8% Hinduism
14.2% Islam
2.3% Christianity
1.7% Sikhism
0.7% Buddhism
0.4% Jainism
0.9% others[c][10]
Demonym Indian
Government Federal parliamentary
constitutional republic[1]
• President
Pranab Mukherjee
• Vice-President
Mohammad Hamid Ansari
• Prime Minister
Narendra Modi
• Chief Justice
Jagdish Singh Khehar[11]
• Lok Sabha Speaker
Sumitra Mahajan
Legislature Parliament of India
• Upper house
Rajya Sabha
• Lower house
Lok Sabha
Independence from United Kingdom
• Dominion
15 August 1947
• Republic
26 January 1950
Area
• Total
3,287,263[5] km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)[d] (7th)
• Water (%)
9.6
Population
• 2017 estimate
1,326,572,000[12] (2nd)
• 2011 census
1,210,854,977[13][14] (2nd)
• Density
392.7/km2 (1,017.1/sq mi) (31st)
GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate
• Total
$9.489 trillion[15] (3rd)
• Per capita
$7,153[15] (122nd)
GDP (nominal) 2017 estimate
• Total
$2.454 trillion[15] (7th)
• Per capita
$1,850[15] (141st)
Gini (2013) 33.9[16]
medium · 79th
HDI (2015) 0.624[17]
medium · 131st
Currency Indian rupee (₹) (INR)
Time zone IST (UTC+05:30)
DST is not observed
Date format DD-MM-YYYY
Drives on the left
Calling code +91
ISO 3166 code IN
Internet TLD
.in

other TLDs
.ভাৰত
.ভারত
.ભારત
.भारत
.ਭਾਰਤ
.இந்தியா
.భారత్
بھارت.
The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE. In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose. Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region's diverse culture. Much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate; the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal Empire. In the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance and led to India's independence in 1947.

In 2015, the Indian economy was the world's seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity.[15] Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of