Hong Kong Snapshot (93) - Furen Literary Society, the first revolution group of HK? 香港隨拍 (93) - 輔仁文社，香港第一個革命組織？

Being a tiny area, Hong Kong was a revolutionary base more than a hundred years ago. As the great power of China, the government of Qing Dynasty was defeated by the revolutionary martyrs cultivated by Hong Kong more than a hundred years ago. Sun yat-sen led the revolutionaries to overthrow the Manchu Dynasty and established the modern China. The cause is in Hong Kong. Last time, we talked about Sun yat-sen set up the Four Bandits together with several brothers. Now, we're going to talk about the revolutionary group in Hong Kong.

There is a blind alley in Central of Hong Kong named Pak Tsz Lane. I think most person would not pay attention here when they pass by. However, an organisation was formed here more than a hundred years ago. It is widely regarded as the first revolutionary group in Hong Kong. It is called the Furen Literary Society.

香港，彈丸之地，在一百多年前卻是一個革命基地。大清，天朝大國，在一百多年前卻敗在這麼一個彈丸之地所培養的革命烈士之手。孫中山，帶領革命黨人推翻滿清，建立現代中國，起因，盡在香港。上一回，我們談到了孫中山和幾名兄弟組成四大寇，現在，我們要開始說說當年香港的革命組織了。

在香港島中環有一條死胡同，名字叫百子里。我想，一般人都經過都不會留意這裡，不過，在一百多年前，這裡成立了一個組織，更普遍被認為是香港第一個革命組織，它叫輔仁文社。

In 1892, Furen Literary Society was composed of seven working people in Hong Kong. They were young people who have received Western education and loved the country. They believed that Western education could save the country. They established the Furen Literary Society to open up the wisdom of the people and exchanged academic, educational, and moral education with each other. In 1894, Sun Yat-sen formally joined the revolutionary cause and established the predecessor of the K.M.T, the Revive China Society in Hawaii. In 1895, Sun Yat-sen returned to Hong Kong to gather revolutionary righteous people and met the Furen Literary Society. Yeung Ku-wan and Tse Tsan-tai, leaders of Furen Literary Society, decided to dissolve it and joined the Revive China Society. At that time, Yeung Ku-wan became the first president of the Revive China Society. It was a pity that the fate of Yeung Ku-wan and Tse Tsan-tai of Furen Literary Society has changed. Yeung Ku-wan was assassinated by the Qing court in 1901 (I will have a detailed story in another post), and Tse Tsan-tai was disatisfied with Sun Yat-sen and left the Revive China Society. He established the Great Mingshun Kingdom Uprising in Guangzhou, but unfortunately the uprising failed. Great Mingshun Kingdom was found to have perished in less than a month.

1892年，輔仁文社由七名香港的上班一族組成，他們都是熱愛國家的青年，並且受過西方教育，相信西方教育能夠拯救國家，故成立輔仁文社，以開啟民智為宗旨，互相進行學術、教育和德育的交流。1894年，孫中山正式投身革命事業，在夏威夷成立了中國國民黨的前身 – 興中會。1895年，孫中山回到香港，集合革命義士，並結識了輔仁文社。其中輔仁文社的骨幹楊衢雲及謝贊泰決定解散輔仁文社，加入興中會，楊衢雲成為了興中會的第一任會長。可惜，輔仁文社的楊衢雲及謝贊泰因此而改變了命運。楊衢雲在1901年被清廷派人刺殺 (我將會在另一篇詳述故事)，而謝贊泰後與孫中山意見不合，離開興中會，另於廣州建立大明順天國起義，可惜起義失敗，大明順天國成立不足一個月即告滅亡。

Later, Tse Tsan-tai abandoned politics and turned his attention to business. He founded the South China Morning Post (SCMP) in Hong Kong, which published critical articles about the K.M.T and Sun yat-sen. At that time, Sun yat-sen had led Revive China Society (the K.M.T) to overthrow the Manchu Dynasty and established the Republic of China (ROC). In 1933, Tse Tsan-tai was invited to dinner by the K.M.T. Unexpectedly, he returned home and became a mute. He died for the liver and gallbladder three days later. Whether the incident is related to the K.M.T has become a mystery.

謝贊泰後來離開政治從商，並在香港創立《南華早報》，當中不乏評論國民黨及孫中山的評論，當時，孫中山已帶領興中會，亦即國民黨推翻滿清，建立中華民國。1933年，謝贊業於國民黨邀請晚宴，回家後就啞了，三天後肝膽爆裂去世，到底，這事件是否與國民黨有關，成為一個謎團。

謝贊泰 Tse Tsan-tai (photo from wikipedia)

Today, the Furen Literary Society becomes the Pak Tsz Lane Park, and it is the only place where a large number of Sun yat-sen's revolutionary history is preserved. The front gate of the park is foreword of the foundation of the Furen Literary Society.

舊年過去，現今的輔仁文社成為了百子里公園，成為了孫中山史蹟徑唯一一個仍有著大量孫中山革命歷史的地方，公園正門即為輔仁文社當年成立的序。

The park briefly introduces several insurrections of the revolutionary martyrs, in lacking of details. What is more, the introduction is only in Chinese without English version, which is very regrettable.

百子里公園簡單介紹了當年革命烈士的數次起義經過，不過缺乏詳細情節，更只有中文沒有英文，實在不足之處。

What impressed me most in the park was not the revolution or the uprising, but the graffiti. It seems that there are a lot of enthusiastic young people around here, haha!

而在百子里公園最讓我印象深刻的地方，不是革命，不是起義，而是一幅塗鴉，看來，這裡附近都頗多熱情男女，哈哈！

Furen Literary Society only existed for three years, but it became an important symbol of revolutionaries overthrowing the Manchu Dynasty in Hong Kong. Although the government did not protect these historic sites (maybe intentionally), we'll not forget about the history. Furen Literary Society is just a beginning.Its successors, Revive China Society will shine in the revolutionary road. Let us continue to the next time!

輔仁文社雖只成立短短三年，但卻成為了香港革命烈士推翻滿清的重要標記， 雖然政府沒有好好保護這些歷史的重要古蹟 (或是不想保護)，但歷史，是不會讓我們忘記的。輔仁文社只是開始，它的後繼者，興中會將在革命路中大放異彩，讓我們下回再續！

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Thanks for spending your time to read my articles. I like to share stories of Hong Kong. I wish you may support me and I will keep going!
謝謝你能抽空閱讀這篇文章，我平日喜歡分享香港的故事，希望大家多多支持，我會繼續努力！