Hello, @papi.mati, i have read about your writeup and have gained a lot which I could use in my small farm at the back of my house, it's actually nice you placed a mini contest here at the end, well here are my answers to the questions;
1 What ingredients from the following list should not be included in the compost: hair, lemon, tea, feathers, plastic spoon, newspaper, cardboard, old eggplant?

From your writeup, compost is made up of the following, first layer of leaves, dry leaves, a second layer of saw dust, a third layer of organic leftovers, a fourth layer of guano and lastly fifth layer of soil. From these i can say that the components of compost are organic.
Going back to the question, we may not add the following to compost;

• Plastic spoon
• News paper
• Cardboard

NB; you have to be moderate with the amount of eggplant you use as their skin are tough and hard to break down and also be moderate with the lemon as too much can cause acidity which is not very helpful.

2a How long does it take to prepare compost?
This depends on the method used, for instance, the Gardens of Gaia method takes 2-3 months, the European method takes about 3-4 months while the Mapuche method takes about 1-2 months.

2b. What method is the quickest?
The Mapuche method is the quickest, it takes about 1-2 months.

2c why sometimes it's better to make the compost a bit longer?
The longer the compost the better the nutritional value of the compost.

3.What does Masanobu Fukuoka say about composting and fertilizing in general?
Masanobu Fukuoka says that it's better to not compost in general that the soil has its natural means of regeneration.

So here you have it my answers. Thanks for reading.