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Definition:

•A motherboard (also known as mainboard, main printed circuit,[1] mb, mboard, backplane board, base board, system board, logic board (only in Apple PCs) or mobo) is that the main computer circuit board (PCB) in all-purpose computers and different expandable systems. It holds and permits communication between several of the crucial electronic parts of a system, like the central process unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors for different peripherals. not like a backplane, a motherboard typically contains vital sub-systems, like the central processing unit, the chipset's input/output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and different parts integrated for general use.

•Motherboard means that specifically a PCB with growth capabilities. because the name suggests, this board is usually said because the "mother" of all parts connected thereto, which regularly embody peripherals, interface cards, and daughterboards: sound cards, video cards, network cards, host bus adapters, TV tuner cards, IEEE 1394 cards; and a range of different custom parts.
•Similarly, the term mainboard describes a tool with one board and no further expansions or capability, like dominant boards in optical device printers, tv sets, laundry machines, mobile phones, and different embedded systems with restricted growth talents.
A motherboard provides the electrical connections by that the opposite parts of the system communicate. not like a backplane, it conjointly contains the central process unit and hosts different subsystems and devices.

Motherboard design:

A typical microcomputer has its chip, main memory, and different essential parts connected to the motherboard. different parts like auxiliary storage, controllers for computer screen and sound, and peripheral devices is also connected to the motherboard as plug-in cards or via cables; in fashionable microcomputers, it's more and more common to integrate a number of these peripherals into the motherboard itself.

•An important part of a motherboard is that the microprocessor's supporting chipset, that provides the supporting interfaces between the electronic equipment and also the varied buses and external parts. This chipset determines, to Associate in Nursing extent, the options and capabilities of the motherboard.

Modern motherboards include:

•CPU sockets (or electronic equipment slots) during which one or additional microprocessors is also put in. within the case of CPUs in ball grid array packages, like the VIA Nano and also the Goldmont and, the electronic equipment is directly soldered to the motherboard.[3]
Memory slots into that the system's main memory is to be put in, usually within the style of DIMM modules containing DRAM chips will be DDR3, DDR4 or DDR5
•The chipset that forms Associate in Nursing interface between the electronic equipment, main memory, and peripheral buses
Non-volatile memory chips (usually Flash ROM in fashionable motherboards) containing the system's microcode or BIOS
•The clock generator that produces the system clock signal to synchronize the assorted parts
Slots for growth cards (the interface to the system via the buses supported by the chipset)
Power connectors, that receive electric power from the pc power offer and distribute it to the electronic equipment, chipset, main memory, and growth cards. As of 2007, some graphics cards (e.g. GeForce eight and Radeon R600) need additional power than the motherboard will offer, and so dedicated connectors are introduced to connect them on to the facility supply.
•Connectors for magnetic disc drives, memory device drives, or solid-state drives, usually SATA and NVMe now[when?].
•Additionally, nearly all motherboards embody logic and connectors to support usually used input devices, like USB for mouse devices and keyboards. Early personal computers like the Apple II or IBM computer enclosed solely this minimal peripheral support on the motherboard. often video interface hardware was conjointly integrated into the motherboard; as an example, on the Apple II and barely on IBM-compatible computers like the IBM computer son. further peripherals like disk controllers and serial ports were provided as growth cards.

•Given the high thermal style power of high-speed pc CPUs and parts, fashionable motherboards nearly invariably embody heat sinks and mounting points for fans to dissipate excess heat.

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