儒家为何压制道家和墨家？揭秘中华文化的另一面

众所周知，中华传统文化的底色是儒家文化。但实际上，中华文明在形成大一统之前，也曾与古希腊文明一样，有过百家争鸣的时期。而在我看来，这百家之争至少有两家的水平是碾压儒家的，那就是道家和墨家。

道家在对世界本源的洞察力上远远超过儒家学说。老子是道家的祖师，与儒家的祖师孔子是同一个时代的人，而且在他那个时代，老子的名气和声望是要远远高于孔子的。但是现在奇怪的事情却是孔子的生平一清二楚，而老子的出身则是语焉不详，连他的结局也是如神话一般，骑着青牛出函谷关不知所终。这其中与儒家对道家的思想和著作系统性的销毁有很大的关系，这是一个持续了千年的过程。但是始作俑者很可能就是孔子本人，孔子创立的儒家思想的大旗就是仁义，但他的本质上就是要恪守成规，建立等级制，他一生最大的理想就是自己复礼恢复周礼。

所谓周礼就是一整套的生活规范，不同等级的人都要严格遵守自己所处等级的要求，简单的说非常类似于印度的种姓制度。之所以是这样，还是与孔子的出身有很大的关系。孔子是鲁国人，而他的家族来自宋国，宋国实际上是殷商的后裔。虽然周武王伐纣被宣扬为顺天应人的革命，但实际上可以看做周王和殷商内部反对纣王势力联手发起的里应外合的一场政变。所以殷商灭亡之后，他们的后裔仍然受到相当的优待，成为了诸侯国中的宋国。他们的祭祀等级也是按照天子的等级进行的。而孔子的祖先也是宋国的贵族，虽然为鲁国服务，但是也享受着非常高等级的待遇。

但是进入春秋之后，用孔子话说，就是进入了礼崩乐坏的时代。周王室的地位，周天子的地位一落千丈，像郑庄公这样的春秋小霸都敢公然和周天子开仗，而其他的诸侯国也当然是有样学样，开始按照权力的大小来分配利益，而不在乎所谓的周礼，所以这时孔子的地位就非常的尴尬了。一方面，他的出身高贵是殷商贵族，按道理应该分更大的利益，但是实际上却没有掌握任何的权力。因此，在一次鲁国国君季孙氏举行的宴会上受到了冷落和排斥，这让他受到了很大的打击，愤恨春秋这个礼崩乐坏的时代，将恢复周礼作为自己毕生的追求。

不过孔子有一点还是非常的正确的，那就是想要根本上改变世界，就要从改变世人的观念入手。而在古代，没有新闻报纸、电视，更没有互联网要传播观念，只有通过一条途径，那就是讲学，所以孔子办学，而且提出有教无类的观念，广招学徒。因为之前的教育都是精英教育，对于普通人来说门槛太高，而孔子则将这个门槛拉得很低，只要能够付得起一块纳肉的学费都可以到孔子这里来上学。但是春秋时期也是百家争鸣，学术氛围相当自由的时期，孔子能讲，别人也能讲。而孔子讲的那一套君君臣臣父父子子，严格来说，就是让人们限制欲望，安分守己。其实是和人的本性相悖的。而与此同时，还有另一位大师讲授的知识，更加偏近于道家的思想，也更受人们的欢迎。所以在教育市场上，孔子实际上是竞争不过道家的。

墨家在逻辑学的成就上也是碾压儒家的。墨家几乎就只有墨子这一本硕果仅存，而儒家的经典众多。但是墨子的思想却是非常的先进和科学的，他提出了非攻、兼爱、节用等主张，反对战争，主张平等，倡导节俭，而且他还是一位杰出的发明家和工程师，他设计了攻城器械，制造了飞鸢，建造了水道，甚至还尝试了光学和天文学的研究。他的逻辑学也是非常的严密和精确的，他用反证法、归谬法、类比法等推理方法，对各种学说进行了批判和辩驳，他的《墨经》中充满了论证和论据，而不是像儒家那样，只是引用经典和先贤的话，或者凭借感情和直觉来说教。墨子的思想虽然没有被后世的统治者所接受，但是却对后来的逻辑学家和哲学家产生了深远的影响，比如公孙龙、惠施、荀子、韩非等，都是受到了墨家的启发和影响。

所以，我认为，如果没有儒家的压制和排斥，道家和墨家的思想可能会更加发扬光大，而中华文化也可能会更加多元和开放，更加符合人性和自然，更加有利于科学和进步。

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As we all know, the background color of traditional Chinese culture is Confucian culture. But in fact, before the formation of the great unification, the Chinese civilization also had a period of contention with a hundred schools of thought, just like the ancient Greek civilization. And in my opinion, at least two of these hundred schools of thought are at the level of crushing Confucianism, that is, Taoism and Moism.

Taoism far surpasses Confucianism in its insight into the origins of the world. Lao Tzu was the patriarch of Taoism, a contemporary of Confucius, the patriarch of Confucianism, and in his time, Lao Tzu's fame and prestige were much higher than Confucius's. But the strange thing now is that the life of Confucius is clear, and the origin of Lao Tzu is unknown, and even his ending is like a myth. This has a lot to do with the systematic destruction of Taoist ideas and writings by Confucianism, a process that has lasted for thousands of years. But the initiator is likely to be Confucius himself, the banner of Confucianism founded by Confucius is benevolence and righteousness, but his essence is to abide by the rules and establish a hierarchical system, and the biggest ideal of his life is to restore the Zhou rites by himself.

The so-called weekly rite is a set of norms of life, and people of different ranks must strictly abide by the requirements of their own caste, which is very similar to the caste system in India. The reason why this is the case has a lot to do with the origin of Confucius. Confucius was a native of the Lu state, and his family came from the Song state, which was actually a descendant of the Yin Shang dynasty. Although King Wu of Zhou's war was proclaimed as a revolution that was in response to the people, it could actually be seen as a coup d'état jointly initiated by the forces within the Zhou Dynasty and Yin Shang against the Emperor of Zhou. Therefore, after the fall of the Yin Shang, their descendants still received considerable preferential treatment and became the Song state among the vassal states. Their sacrificial hierarchy was also performed according to the rank of the Son of Heaven. The ancestors of Confucius were also nobles of the Song State, and although they served the Lu State, they also enjoyed very high-level treatment.

But after entering the Spring and Autumn Period, in the words of Confucius, it is to enter the era of etiquette and happiness. The status of the Zhou royal family, the status of Zhou Tianzi plummeted, and the Spring and Autumn tyrants like Zheng Zhuang dared to openly start a war with Zhou Tianzi, and the other vassal states of course followed suit and began to distribute benefits according to the size of power, without caring about the so-called Zhou rites, so Confucius's position was very embarrassing at this time. On the one hand, he was born a noble merchant nobleman, and it stands to reason that he should share in the greater interests, but in fact he does not hold any power. Therefore, he was snubbed and ostracized at a banquet held by Ji Sun, the monarch of the Lu State, which made him suffer a great blow, and he resented the Spring and Autumn Period, an era of broken etiquette, and made the restoration of Zhou rites his lifelong pursuit.

However, Confucius is still very correct in one thing, that is, if you want to fundamentally change the world, you must start by changing the concept of the world. In ancient times, there were no newspapers, television, and no Internet to disseminate ideas, and there was only one way, that is, lectures, so Confucius ran schools, and put forward the concept of teaching without class, and recruited apprentices. Because the previous education was elite education, the threshold was too high for ordinary people, but Confucius pulled this threshold very low, as long as you can afford a piece of tuition, you can go to school with Confucius. However, the Spring and Autumn Period was also a period when a hundred schools of thought contended and the academic atmosphere was quite free, and Confucius could speak and others could also speak. And the set of kings, ministers, ministers, fathers, sons, and sons that Confucius talked about, strictly speaking, is to let people limit their desires and keep to themselves. In fact, it is contrary to human nature. At the same time, there was another master who taught knowledge that was closer to Taoist thought and more popular. Therefore, in the education market, Confucius actually can't compete with Taoism.

The Mohists also crushed Confucianism in the achievements of logic. The Mohists almost only have Mozi, the only fruit left, and there are many Confucian classics. But Mozi's thinking is very advanced and scientific, he put forward the idea of non-attack, love, and economy, opposing war, advocating equality, advocating frugality, and he was also an outstanding inventor and engineer, he designed siege equipment, made flying kites, built waterways, and even tried the study of optics and astronomy. His logic is also very rigorous and precise, he used reasoning methods such as counterproof, fallacy, and analogy to criticize and refute various theories, and his "Book of Ink" is full of arguments and arguments, rather than just quoting the scriptures and sages like Confucianism, or relying on feelings and intuition to teach. Although Mozi's ideas were not accepted by later rulers, they had a profound influence on later logicians and philosophers, such as Gongsun Long, Hui Shi, Xunzi, Han Fei, etc., all of whom were inspired and influenced by Moism.

Therefore, I believe that without the suppression and exclusion of Confucianism, the ideas of Taoism and Mohism would have been more developed, and Chinese culture would have been more pluralistic and open, more in line with human nature and nature, and more conducive to science and progress.