Why should we dig in the ground to build oil, and burn coal to pollute the environment to get energy? েWhere non-stop energy from the sky is always raining down on us thanks to Allah Ta’ala. You may have seen a calculator with Solar Cells that never needs a battery to run.

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The sun shining above our heads, a huge source of energy in itself, has been transmitting our energy for 500 million years and will undoubtedly continue to transmit energy for another 500 billion years or more. Solar panels can generate endless electricity from this infinite energy of the sun.

Not just calculators, watches, electric lights, satellites in space, etc. all work with power from the sun. But how does this cell convert light into electricity? - In this article we will learn more about this subject.

• Solar energy

The sun is a huge sphere of nuclear power, per square meter of the earth's surface, the sun radiates about 1,000 watts of energy. If we could catch all this energy, we could comfortably meet all the electricity needs of our office, home, again, for free. If we can plant solar panels all over the Sahara Desert, it will be possible to meet the electricity demand all over the world.

But the matter is not so simple. The sun, however, does not send electricity directly to the earth, but mixes light and heat. Although light and heat are essential elements for our survival. Light helps to give us vision and help plants grow, thus providing us with food, while heat helps us to survive.

But directly from this light and heat, the lamp of the house will not be lit anymore, electricity will be required. So we have to work in a way where this light and heat can be converted into electricity. —Solar cells do just that.

• What is a solar cell?

A solar cell is basically an electronic device that can directly convert the sun's energy into electricity. It can be seen on calculators as well as on the wings of satellites, another name for solar cell is photovoltaic cell or PV. Here photo means light and voltic means electricity.

A package made up of many cells is called a solar panel, where each cell is connected to the other. Solar cells work a lot like batteries, but batteries generate electricity from chemicals and solar cells produce electricity from light.

Photovoltaic cells are usually made of a type of semiconductor material, such as silicon. When sunlight hits this cell, some of the light absorbs this photovoltaic cell. That is, energy is absorbed from the light and flows into the semiconductor material, separating the electrons and helping them to move freely.

As we learned from the article on light, light has the smallest particles, called photons. That means the sun is always raining billions of photons around us. Now if this photon is dropped on a photovoltaic cell, each cell will produce some volts of electricity. And when the volts of many cells in the panel come together, it can easily provide power to any electric device.

• How efficient is the solar cell?

According to the basic principles of physics, we cannot create or destroy any energy — everything already exists in this world, and we can only change it from one form of energy to another. This means that solar cells are never able to convert more energy than the energy received from the sun. Most cells can convert 10-20 percent of the energy from the sun into electricity.

And a silicon cell can convert energy up to a maximum of 30 percent. Because sunlight contains photons of different waves, but a photovoltaic cell can only catch a specific wave and act on it. And the rest of the energy is not used or wasted. Today's most sophisticated cell can convert electricity up to 45%.

The current generation latest cell is much more advanced than the previous second and first generation. It is capable of converting power up to 30% and costs less.

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• Solar panels at home

Solar power is really a very effective way to avoid extreme problems like global warming. Moreover, the state of electricity in our country, it is better to generate electricity in your own home. The best thing about solar power is that it is completely free and does not cost much to set up. Solar panels are installed on the roof or outside of the house as per the demand,

And regular batteries are fitted to get power backup at night. A charge controller is attached to the battery, because if the battery is not overcharged, it is able to give a much better backup. Once the battery is fully charged, no more current flows from the controller to the PV module.

A major problem with solar cells is that the electricity that comes directly from the panel and from the battery is DC or direct current. But to run almost any appliance including home TV, fan, AC or alternating current; So an inverter is installed which converts DC to AC. Most inverters work automatically. However, some of today's latest solar modules called AC modules; Where inverters are built-in.

In addition, outside solar panels need to be installed properly facing the sun. To set up a complete solar power system in your home, I would recommend hiring a licensed electrician, it will make your work perfect, and you will be able to enjoy electricity for free for the next 15-20 years.

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