Achievement 3 by @mrbasis Task: Content Etiquette

"According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, to "plagiarize" means:

• To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own.
• To use (another's production) without crediting the source.
• To commit literary theft
  To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source."
  Source

All of the following are considered plagiarism:
turning in someone else's work as your own
copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit, failing to put a quotation in quotation marks, giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation, changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit, copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work Source without giving credit, appreciation and remark to the source.

"Plagiarism is considered a violation of academic integrity and a breach of journalistic ethics. It is subject to sanctions such as penalties, suspension, expulsion from school or work, substantial fines and even incarceration. Recently, cases of "extreme plagiarism" have been identified in academia. The modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as an ideal emerged in Europe in the 18th century, particularly with the Romantic movement. Generally, plagiarism is not in itself a crime, but like counterfeiting fraud can be punished in a court or prejudices caused by copyright infringement, violation of moral rights, or torts. In academia and industry, it is a serious ethical offense. Plagiarism and copyright infringement overlap to a considerable extent, but they are not equivalent concepts, and many types of plagiarism do not constitute copyright infringement, which is defined by copyright law and may be adjudicated by court."
Source

According to Fishman (2009), plagiarism happens when someone does the following: (1) uses words, ideas, or work products; (2) credited to another person or source identifiable; (3) without attributing the work to the source from which it was obtained; (4) in a situation where there is a reasonable presumption of original authorship; and (5) in order to obtain any profit, credit, or gain that does not need to be financial.

Type of plagiarism

According to a study in the USA, there are five types of plagiarism that occur, direct, mosaic, self, paraphrase, and accidental, all focused on unethical issues:

1. Direct plagiarism

Without citing or pointing out the source, the entire text or part of the documents are copied word for word. This is one of the most common plagiarism types.

2. Mosaic plagiarism

The plagiarizer borrows phrases, without citation.

3. Self-plagiarism

The author uses his/her own earlier work without crediting it.

4. Paraphrasing/rephrasing

This is similar to direct plagiarism, except in this case the plagiarizer rearranges the words of the text or sometimes rephrases them according to their contents.

5. Accidental plagiarism

Unintentional direct, mosaic, or paraphrase, without citation.
Source

Consequences of plagiarism

The consequences of plagiarism depend on the type of plagiarism and whether you’re a first-year student, an experienced academic or a working professional. These are some possible consequences of plagiarism:

• Failing the course
• Expulsion or suspension from your university
• Copyright infringement.
• Ruined reputation and potentially the end of your career.

Source

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