Rice Crop

Rice Oryza Sativa L. who is a member of the grass family. There are twenty varieties of rice from which two cultivated varieties, Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima, of these two varieties are widely produced by O. Sativa.

Rice is one of the world's most popular cereals and more than 90% of the world's rice is produced and consumed in Asian countries . In India, the total area for rice cultivation in 2013 was 43.52 million hectares with an annual production of 159.20 million tons of ***** with an average production of 3.59 t / ha .

Currently, Pakistan emerged as the leading rice exporter who exported 7.1 million tons of rice (both Basmati and non basmati) between 2011-12, earning the country’s least valuable income.
Currently, rice production in the country is experiencing major problems such as, crop rotation, water shortages, soil pressure, increased agricultural inputs, inclement rains, severe floods, water shortages, staff shortages, pests and diseases and shortages of new vaccines . Therefore, in view of food security and livelihoods, Pakistan needs to grow more rice. High yields in each part of the world can be obtained and maintained only by the most productive rice varieties and pest control .

Yield production of rice is hindered by several biotic and abiotic factors . Among the various biotic factors affecting rice production and production, rice diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes are the most important barriers to low crop yields in Pakistan . Annual losses due to rice diseases are estimated to be 10-15 percent on average worldwide . Currently, the rice disease profile has been changed in response to rice production conditions such as bakanae, sheath rot, false **** and minor and occasional color changes that have recently occurred 234 of diseases and has caused significant loss of yield recently .