The Gentic makeup of Organisms.

Fellow steemians, have ever wondered why some people behave in a particular way that are different from others or why this person is tall in a family whiles another is not in the same family. Most of this changes happens as a result of difference in the genetic make up of that person. Every individual has different genes depending on their parents as we inherit it from them. The genes are the one and only basic unit of heredity and they are made up of the Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The RNA cac also carey genes but the only difference is that the molecules are not stable as they mostly only a single strand. There ar genes encode proteins the are usually in a form of three-nucleotide that as know as the codons. The genetic code of all organisms that have been research so far are nearly the same.

In the makes of eukaryotes, most genes comes as a pair of alleles. The alleles will be in the same spot in chromosome that is called locus. Because they occupy the same position in the chromosome, they will exhibit the same traits in the gene. The allele is the variant of a genes. But since most organisms reproduce sexually, the male will produce one of the allele and female will also do same as a result the gene is the combination of two different alleles.
Since both parents are of different lineages, replication errors and environmental interactions with the DNA has made a lot of modifications to the genes of the parents. This is reason why we have the alleles meaning different.

If the developments follows the simple precept of the Mendelian pattern one of the alleles could be dominant whiles the alternative isn't expressed and is the recessive allele. In a state of affairs wherein the dominant allele isn't present, the recessive allele could be expressed on this case. If the dominant allele is to labeled "B" and the recessive labeled "b" then we will have a fixed of 3 exclusive genotypes "BB", "bb" and " Bb". Homozygous imply a number of the identical type such as "BB"and "bb". Heterozygous is used withinside the case of "Bb" wherein we've a couple of various allele. "B" is the dominant and therefore where ever there is a "B" the dominant allele will work there.The only case in which the the recessive allele comes into play is whe all the alleles are"bb".
The picture below shows the Mendelian pattern and the ratio that the child will inherit from the parent. This is what will determine the traits that are likely to be exhibited by the child.

The phenotypes is what we use to show how the genotypes everyone can be easily seen. This may include the colour of hair or eyes. The skin colour and the likes.

The picture above shows the variant genotypes and phenotype that can be gotten when using the Mendelian pattern.

Source

A simple gene is not what determines the traits of an organism. There are many genes that have multiple allele variants and as a result we might not always have the dominant and recessive behavior we have seen the Mendelian pattern. Incomplete dominance, Codominance and polygenic inheritance are examples that are not of the simple Mendelian pattern.

Many of the traits that have been observed in humans are non-Mendelian. The skin colour and height of a person is not just determined by the pair alleles but is done by the combination of different genes interacting in several loci.
Asexual organisms unlike the sexual organisms can only have the same types of genes that it's parent had as compared to sexual organisms.

To conclude, our genetics determines most of the aspects of our being from the colour of hair to the behavioral aspects that we inherit from our parents.
Genetics also helps to know the compatibility of two people who are to be married to help prevent any genetic disorder or disease that may affect their offspring.

Thank you

References

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