∴ Alternative energy can (probably) NOT effectively replace fossil fuels ∴
(C.R3.01) THE INVISIBLE ENERGY COST OF DISPOSAL/RECYCLING
(C.R3.01.A) RECYCLING SOLAR
It's significant to note that the energy cost of disposal/recycling of photovoltaics is shockingly absent from all net-energy-gain estimates.
“We believe the big blind spot in the U.S. for recycling is that the cost far exceeds the revenue,” Meng said. “It’s on the order of a 10-to-1 ratio.” [01]
Interestingly, studies by Latunussa et al., 2016, Wambach, 2017, Aryan et al. (2018) and Corcelli et al. (2018) agree on the environmental significance of incinerating the halogenated plastics in the backsheet. Unfortunately, as reported by Wambach (2017), if the ‘halogen content is too high, then incineration in a specialized hazardous waste plant must be carried out’, in order to minimize the emission of potentially toxic air pollutants such as hydrogen fluoride (HF). Moreover, the above-mentioned studies provided little information on the impacts of incinerating PV plastics. For example, Corcelli et al. (2018) estimated that the incineration of waste panels releases 0.87 g/m2 of HF, while Latunussa et al. (2016) considered life cycle inventory data for general plastic incineration. [01.b]
Finally, it is confirmed that the low quantity of PV waste collected so far is discouraging investments in industrial processes for PV recycling. However, this situation is not a justification for delaying research in this field, or the problem of managing PV waste is simply postponed to the near future. Claims about the sustainability of PV technologies cannot be fully supported until efficient and environmentally-friendly recycling processes for them have been developed and are deployable. [01.b]
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(C.R3.01.B) RECYCLING WIND
It's significant to note that the energy cost of disposal/recycling of wind-turbines is shockingly absent from all net-energy-gain estimates.
Xcel Energy estimates conservatively that it will cost $532,000 (in 2019 dollars) to decommission [NOT RECYCLE] each of its wind turbines [02]
(C.R3.02) EROEI & ESOEI
Here's some good news. When comparing energy-return-on-investment for both energy production methods and energy storage methods there are some interesting winners and losers.
(C.R3.02.A) EROIE (Energy Return on Energy Invested) [03]
EROEI 106:1 - Nuclear
EROEI 51:1 - Wind
EROEI 50:1 - Hydroelectric
EROEI 31:1 - Coal
EROEI 28:1 - Natural Gas
EROEI 21:1 - Parabolic Solar
EROEI 7:1 - Photovoltaic
EROEI 3.5:1 - Biogas
EROEI 1:1 - Ethanol
(C.R3.02.B) ESOEI (Energy Saved on Energy Invested) [04]
ESOEI 5:1 - Lead acid battery
ESOEI 32:1 - Lithium ion battery
ESOEI 704:1 - Pumped hydroelectric storage
ESOEI 792:1 - Compressed air energy storage
I would once again like to thank PRO for hosting this thought provoking debate.
(C.R3.03) SHOCKING CONCLUSIONS
Let's examine the debate resolution: "Alternative energy can effectively replace fossil fuels"
Don't get me wrong, I wish we could all switch to solar and battery powered cars and call it a day, I really do.
But that's not going to get us to the promised land. We tend to forget about all the strip-mining required to gather all those rare & precious rocks.
It does look like (based on the EROEI & ESOEI data) we need to focus on WIND and COMPRESSED AIR (both surprisingly efficient).
Also, there's a very strong case for microreactors. [05]
Let's examine the debate resolution: "Alternative energy can effectively replace fossil fuels"
Right, I'm going to still say "NO". No they can't.
Solar + batteries is shockingly inefficient. Wind looks promising, but we're still going to need oil and coal and natural gas in order to produce the metals and glass and resins and high-performance plastics required to produce turbines (not to mention all the energy we're going to need to dispose of/recycle the materials).
[01] https://grist.org/energy/solar-panels-are-starting-to-die-what-will-we-do-with-the-megatons-of-toxic-trash/
[01.b] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6591708/
[02] https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/renewable/wind/the-cost-of-decommissioning-wind-turbines-is-huge/
[03] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_return_on_investment#Additional_EROEI_Calculations
[04] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_return_on_investment#ESOEI
[05] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gtog_gOaGQ
I SAID IT FIRST.
JOIN THE CREATIVE COMMONS ZERO PROJECT BY COPYING THIS CONTENT AND CLAIMING IT AS YOUR OWN. COPYRIGHT = CENSORSHIP. STOP PAYING CORPORATE GOONS FOR THEIR STORIES AND IMAGES. STOP DEFENDING CORPORATE GOONS FOR FREE. MORALITY =/= MONEY.
I watch this once a day - Click to watch 3 minutes,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKUaqFzZLxU
https://youtu.be/casQQhO1jkw?t=26
At what point did we begin to conflate MONEY with MORALITY?
NEVER TALK TO THE POLICE OR A JUDGE, THEY CAN LEGALLY LIE TO YOU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-7o9xYp7eE
NEVER CONVICT PEOPLE CHARGED WITH LAWS YOU DISAGREE WITH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qu08TKhWzLs
Perhaps anarchy already exists and "THE COMMUNITY" is merely the highest manifestation of organized crime. – special thanks to @thoughts-in-time
I'm afraid that rights are mostly granted by mob democracy. A man's right to life and liberty can be taken away by any group larger, better armed and/or better organized than his. The mechanism is and always has been concerned citizens fighting against the status quo for the betterment of the status quo.
Essential HIVE links,
https://hive.vote/
https://beeme.icu/?account=logiczombie
https://hiveblocks.com/@logiczombie
I WILL UPVOTE ANY AND ALL COMMENTS ON THIS POST, 1 UPVOTE PER ACCOUNT. PLEASE FEEL FREE TO LEAVE A "∴"
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ZOMBIEBASICTRAINING
+proHUMAN +proFAMILY
Your scathing critique is requested.
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Try to imagine something.
Just for like, two minutes.
Try to imagine you are born into a remote village.
You don't know what time-period you're in and you don't know what part of the planet you're living on because you're a baby.
Now try to imagine growing up, getting older.
You learn to herd your family's goats and gather grains and carry water.
You fall in love.
You have a child.
You've never seen a book.
Is your life meaningful?
SOURCE CONVO
FDA.GOV SAYS
Surgical masks are made in different thicknesses and with different ability to protect you from contact with liquids. These properties may also affect how easily you can breathe through the face mask and how well the surgical mask protects you.
If worn properly, a surgical mask is meant to help block large-particle droplets, splashes, sprays, or splatter that may contain germs (viruses and bacteria), keeping it from reaching your mouth and nose. Surgical masks may also help reduce exposure of your saliva and respiratory secretions to others.
While a surgical mask may be effective in blocking splashes and large-particle droplets, a face mask, by design, does not filter or block very small particles in the air that may be transmitted by coughs, sneezes, or certain medical procedures. Surgical masks also do not provide complete protection from germs and other contaminants because of the loose fit between the surface of the mask and your face.
To clarify, Guiliani is shouting FIRE! in a crowded fire house.
The moviegoers look around, see no fire, and tell Guiliani to shut the fuck up.
Guiliani stands on his chair and weeps " I will not be censored! I myself saw a picture of the fire on a friend of a friend's laptop!"
The moviegoers say "well, where's this fire now?"
Tucker Carlson stands up and says, "It's true! I found an ember that proves there is a fire!"
The moviegoers say, "well, what ember"
Tucker screams, "It's gone! Somebody stole my ember! I am being censored by movie theater management!"
The moviegoerslook around again, see nothing, yell "sit down and shut up, please."
Greyparrot posts to DART, "Wow, this fire at the movie theater is getting out of control!"
In 21 seconds,
CANCEL CULTURE
“The conservatives are fools: They whine about the decay of traditional values, yet they enthusiastically support technological progress and economic growth. Apparently it never occurs to them that you can't make rapid, drastic changes in the technology and the economy of a society without causing rapid changes in all other aspects of the society as well, and that such rapid changes inevitably break down traditional values.”
EVERYONE USES PERSUASION