Introduction

Hello to everyone,

Professor @yohan2on's assignments are available in this post. The main topic of this post will be about the Management of the Tron Ecosystem. I want to move on to assignments without further ado. Let's start!

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Question 1

Who are Super Representatives, SR partners and SR candidates? (The Governance of the TRON Ecosystem)

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Tron Network is a project targeting the entertainment industry. It is aimed to freely present the content produced on Tron to people. In this way, content producers all over the world can share, store and produce their content on tron. For this reason, Tron Network has a certain stance against all centralized content sharing platforms in the entertainment industry. It enables content producers on the network to receive both services and payments in a free and uninterrupted manner. The biggest example of this is our platform Steemit.

While the Tron network is doing all these, it uses the DPoS mechanism as the consensus mechanism in the Tron Ecosystem. The DPoS mechanism can also be considered as a higher level of the PoS mechanism. We will cover DPoS and PoS topics in more detail in the second part, so I will give a rough overview of the DPoS mechanism.

The DPoS mechanism was developed in 2014 by Dan Larimer, the former CTO of EOS. It is used in many cryptocurrencies such as EOS, TRX, ADA. In the DPoS mechanism, witnesses are selected by voting in order to verify transactions and generate blocks. In this voting system, voting right is carried out by users who stake their tokens on the network, and a total of 27 best Super representatives are selected. These selected witnesses are selected at regular intervals and this period is 6 hours. In this way, both the security of the network is ensured and different validators are given the chance to be selected each time.

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In the management of the Tron ecosystem, the system works in the same way. Users who freeze their TRX tokens have the right to vote on the network, and they are entitled to one vote for each amount of TRX staked. This amount of votes obtained is called Tron Power. They use these votes we get to elect the block producers (representatives) on the network. These representatives take specific names; They are divided into categories such as Super Representatives (SR), Super Representative Partners, and Super Representative Candidates. Let's take a look at what these terms mean.

Super Representatives (SR)

In the Tron Ecosystem, they perform basic functions such as SR, block generation, and bookkeeping. Every user on the Tron ecosystem has the right to become an SR and can apply for it. However, SR selection takes place through a voting system and the top 27 candidates are selected as SR. These 27 selected Super Representatives receive 16 TRX rewards for each block they produce, and 160 TRX votes for each block, based on the proportion of votes. These awards are called nomination awards and voting awards.

Total Reward = (Vote reward x Broker Ratio) + (Block reward + Broker Ratio)

_{Intermediary Institution Ratio in this reward system; It is determined as 20% for Super Representatives and 80% for Voters.}

Super Representatives Partner

After Super Representatives are determined, candidates between 28-127 are determined as Super Representatives Partner. These designated partners do not take part in block production, but receive a share of the voting reward.

Super Representative Candidates

Once Super Representatives Partners have been identified, all candidates from 128 fall into this category. They cannot benefit from being rewarded in any way.

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Quesiton 2

What’s the difference between DPOS and POS consensus mechanisms?

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Proof of Stake (PoS)

The PoS algorithm was first developed by Sunny King and Scott Nadal in 2012 and was developed as an alternative to the Proof of Work (PoW) algorithm.

The PoW algorithm is a computationally demanding and energy-consuming algorithm, and it has many shortcomings. For this reason, it was desired to eliminate this energy waste and processing load, so we came up with the PoS algorithm. This algorithm was first used in the Peercoin cryptocurrency.

Mining rights in the PoS algorithm also differ from the PoW algorithm. In the PoW algorithm, the first person to solve the puzzle is entitled to obtain mining rights. But things change a bit with the PoS algorithm. In the PoS algorithm, mining rights are directly proportional to the amount and time of the coin staked by the person. In other words, if a token holder has staked 5% of the tokens in his hand, he will have 5% right, and if he staked 10%, he will have 10% right.

We can say that the PoS algorithm is also more secure than the PoW algorithm. Because it is resistant to many dangers that the PoW algorithm is open to. For example, if a 51% attack is desired; In the PoS algorithm, the person who wants to perform this attack means that he has more than half of the staked coins, and this is a very expensive operation.

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Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)

We can say that DPoS is a more democratic and more effective version of the PoS algorithm. It was developed by Daniel Larimer in 2014. In the DPoS system, users vote for delegates based on the amount of coins they stake. Delegates become responsible for the creation of new blocks and network security as a result of voting. The voting power of the users differs according to the amount of coins they hold. This is just like the increase in our vote rate based on the amount of Steem Power.

Although the voting system differs from project to project, it generally takes place within the framework of the same rules. The awards obtained by the delegates are distributed proportionally to the users who have selected them. This system also encourages the delegate himself to act consistently and to protect his reputation. Because there is no guarantee that a delegate who cannot fulfill his duty will be elected permanently, and a delegate who does not fulfill his duty can be dismissed and replaced in a short time.

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DPoS vs PoS

In both algorithms, blocks are produced by staking tokens, but in the DPoS algorithm this is not just proportional to the amount of coins we stake. The DPoS algorithm offers us a more democratic system and ensures that every user has a say in the system. This democratic system also allows almost all users to earn an income from the mining reward.

Since the PoS system is only proportional to the amount of coins staked, monopolization may occur after a certain period of time, because the more assets and the more staked the delegates will have the right to be elected on a permanent basis. For this reason, the delegates in the PoS system may act maliciously, but since the voting takes place in the DPoS system, the behavior of the delegates that will damage their reputation or reduce the speed of work will prevent them from being a delegate again. Therefore, the system that works more efficiently, faster and more fairly is the DPoS algorithm.

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Quesiton 3

Write a Step by Step tutorial showcasing how to stake/freeze TRX and vote for SRs

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In this section, I will show you how to stake first in the Tron ecosystem and then how we can vote for SRs.

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• First, we log in to our TronLink Wallet. On the screen that appears; We see our TRX balance, energy and bandwidth. Then, when we go down a little more; Options such as Send, Receive, Vote, Stake, Swap welcome us.
• We will freeze our TRX tokens in order to gain voting rights later. For every TRX amount we stake, we will get 1 vote. Freezing our TRX tokens gives us resources such as energy and bandwidth as well as voting rights.

• Then we click on the Stake option. Then we direct us to the Tronscan platform and click on the "Obtain" option on this platform. Then we choose one of the "Tron Power and Energy" or "Tron Power and Bandwidth" options from the menu that appears. Then we enter the amount of TRX that we will stake through the same menu and press the “Stake” button. I did not freeze TRX because I had already frozen 23 TRX, because I already have 23 votes.

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• Now let's get to the voting part for SRs. We open our TronLink wallet again and this time we click on the Vote button.
• Redirects us to a page with SR List.
• Then we click on the "Voting" button on the page opened on the TronScan platform and the voting section opens.
• Then we choose one of the SR we want from this section and enter the amount of votes. In this section, I choose “BinanceStaking” and enter the amount of 15 votes and say Voting. After giving the necessary TronLink wallet approvals, I successfully complete my transaction.

_{All screenshots without source are taken by me from my TronLink wallet and platform TronScan.}

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Conclusion

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Blockchain technology is an advancing technology day by day, our age is the age of technology and innovations are constantly being discovered. In this post, we learned about the DPoS algorithm used by the Tron Ecosystem and how it works. Then, I tried to convey to you how the voting feature, which is among the innovations brought by the DPoS system, can be realized. I hope it was a sharing that contributed to everyone.

I would like to thank everyone who read my post and professor @yohan2on for this nice lesson. I wish you all a healthy and beautiful day.

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CC: @yohan2on