THE PROCESS OF URINE FORMATION

The kidneys filter unwanted substances from the blood and produce urine to get rid of them from the body. The three main stages of urine formation:

1. Glomerular filtration (ultrafiltration).

2. Tubular resorption (selective resorption)

3. Tubular secretions
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1. Glomeruli (ultrafiltration) this is often the method by which blood is filtered through the glomerulus. Each kidney contains over 1,000,000 tiny structures called nephrons. Each nephron contains a glomerulus, where blood is filtered. The glomerulus may be a network of capillaries, surrounded by a cup-shaped structure, the glomerulus (or Bowman's capsule). As blood circulates through the glomerulus, vital sign pushes water and dissolves from the capillaries through the capsule's membrane filter. This glomerular filtration begins with the formation of urine.
   The filter membrane contains blood cells and enormous proteins within the bloodstream. within the glomerulus, vital sign pushes fluid from the capillaries into the glomerulus through a specialized layer of cells. This layer, the filter membrane, allows water and little fluids to undergo , but blocks blood cells and enormous proteins. These components remain within the blood. Irrigation rate (fluid that crosses the membrane) from the glomerulus to the nephron.

1. Tubular reabsorption: glomeruli filter water and little solutes from the blood. The resulting filter contains waste also as other substances needed by the body: essential ions, glucose, amino acids and minor proteins. When the filter leaves the glomerulus, it flows through tubes called Distal tubules. because it moves, the required substance and water are absorbed through the tube wall into adjacent capillaries. Reabsorption of important nutrients from the filter is that the second step in urine production.

3.Tubular secretions: this is often the ultimate stage of urine formation , the Filtrate absorbed by the glomeruli passes through the renal tubules, where nutrients and water are absorbed by the capillaries. At an equivalent time, the waste ions and hydrogen ions within the kidney tubules come from the capillaries. This process is named Tubular secretion or excretion. The separated ions combine with the remaining filter to make urine. Urine is drained from the renal tubules into the collecting duct. It flows from the kidneys through the renal cup, into the ureters and into the bladder.