MAMMARY GLAND(BREAST)

INTRODUCTION
The breasts can be thin and located in the superficial thoracic fascia. Mom has two sexes. However, it is still in its infancy in men, but it develops well in women in adolescence.
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LOCATION
The breast is located on the superficial fascia in the thoracic region. From the upper lateral part (axillary tail of Spence), it extends slightly through the deep fascia and into the armpit. The deep fascial opening through which the axillary tail enters the axilla is called the foramen of Lange. The axillary tail is a high incidence of breast tumors.

SHAPE
It is hemispherical in shape

POSITION AND EXTENSION
it extend vertically from second to the sixth and extends horizontally from the lateral edge of the sternum to the middle axillary area.
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DEEP RELATIONSHIP
The deep surface of the breast used for subsequent structures is shown in order

1. The breast is located in the deep fascia (fascia pectoris) that covers the pectoralis major muscle.
2. There are three deeper muscles, the pectoralis major, the anterior muscles, and the external oblique muscles.
3. Loose connective tissue separates the breast from the pleural fascia, this is called the retrograde breast space. Due to the existence of this soft tissue, traditional breasts usually move freely over the pectoralis major muscle.

THE STRUCTURE OF THE BREAST
The structure of the breast can be easily studied by dividing it into dermis, parenchyma, and matrix.

BLOOD SUPPLY
the blood supply is very abundant. It is supplied by a branch of the posterior artery

1. The internal thoracic artery, a branch of the subclavian artery, passes through its perforator.
2. The lateral branches of the axillary artery, thorax, superior thorax and acromion (thoracic acromion).

1. The intercostal space behind the collateral branches of the artery. The arteries converge towards the breast and distribute themselves on the anterior surface. The posterior surface is relatively free of blood vessels.

VENOUS DRAINAGE
Venous drainage from the vein follows the small arteries. They first converge to the underside of the nipple, where they form an anastomosed venous ring. The veins are divided into shallow and deep groups.

1. The superficial vein flows to the internal thoracic vein and the superficial vein to the lower neck.
2. The deep vein joins the axillary vein and the posterior intercostal vein.

INNERVATION (NERVE SUPPLY)
The breast is supplied by the anterolateral cutaneous branch of the fourth intercostal nerve. Nerves do not control milk secretion.

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
Lymphatic drainage of the breast is as follows:
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1. Superficial lymph drains the scarred breast of the areola. Lymphatics pass radially through the surrounding lymph nodes (axillary, inner breast, supraclavicular, and head).
   2.Deep lymphocytes drain the breast parenchyma. It can also drain the nipple and areola.

Note: Here are some other interesting points about lymphatic drainage.

1. About 75% of Lymph fluid from the breast drains into the axillary lymph nodes. 20% are located in the internal breast lymph nodes and enter the posterior intercostal lymph nodes. Among the axillary lymph nodes, most lymph nodes end in the anterior group (intimately connected to the axillary tail) and partially in the posterior group and a. Lymph passes from the anterior and posterior groups to the central and lateral groups and, through them, to the apical group. Finally, it reaches the supraclavicular lymph node.
2. The inner breast not only drains the lymph from the inner half of the breast, it also drains the lymph from the text.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

1. Athelia
2. Polythelia
3. Gynecomastia
4. Breast cancer (cancer)
5. Breast edema Details: Abnormal breast development is:
   a. amastia (without breasts), b. Athelia (no nipples), c. Polymnstla (excessive breasts), doctor. Polythelia (extra nipples), for example. Gynecomastia (gynecomastia) in Klinefelter