February 21: International Mother Language Day (History of Language Movement)
Mother's rights with the language of the month of Gregorian calendar month is Gregorian calendar month. when the birth of West Pakistan in 1947, the struggle of the folks of East Pakistan, UN agency had been underprivileged and exploited since the birth of West Pakistan, started the struggle since 1947, on the twenty first of Gregorian calendar month 1952, the ultimate result was achieved. However, Bengali folks had to attend for the future of 5 years to ascertain language rights. On Gregorian calendar month twenty six, 1956, the West Pakistan Constitution recognized Urdu because the state language in conjunction with Urdu. when the long struggle, the liberty of speaking natural language is achieved, and also the seeds of freelance East Pakistan square measure planted on the idea of the success of this language movement.
Many of the new generation recognize solely on Gregorian calendar month twenty one, 1952, don't recognize the continual movement behind it. several of the subsequent square measure unknown. And today, some folks became language troopers UN agency were fully separated from thought language movement because of the very fact that they failed to recognize this. So, we are going to try and highlight the $64000 history of language movement for brand new generation bloggers.
September 1947: Tamaddun Majlish publishes a leaflet titled "What is that the state language of Pakistan? Bengali or Urdu?", wherever the primary claim was created to declare Bangla as a state language of West Pakistan. Note that additionally to government work, all the stamps, postcards, train tickets were written solely in Urdu and English. The West Pakistani rulers referred to as Hindu culture as Hindu language and referred to as Bangla language as Hindu language, and that they tried to form East Pakistan culture "Pakistanize", that is making an attempt to form the language of Urdu and their language Islamic. prof Abul Kashem of the University of Dhaka physics at Muddon Majlish University of Dhaka Fazlul Huq if Kistanera state convened a gathering concerning what ought to be. therein meeting, the choice was taken within the systematic manner for the govt of West Pakistan to form Bengali the state language. it's conjointly the formation of language movement like all different movements of East Pakistan. (1, 2)
November 1947: within the "Pakistan instructional Conference" organized in Asian country, below the initiative of the then Education Minister of West Pakistan, Fazlur Rahman, representatives from East Pakistan were against establishing Urdu because the solely state language and hard-to-please equal rights to geographic area.
December 1947: In protest against the initiative of Education Minister Fazlur Rahman, a rally and rally occurred in Dhaka University below the leadership of Tamaddun Majlish in Dhaka. And on holy day of obligation, a requirement for Bangla to state language was raised during a rally. within the finish of Gregorian calendar month, the state language movement council and Tamaddun Majlish prof Nurul Haque Bhuiyan were appointed convenors. (3)
January 1948: Birth of East Pakistan Students League. GS sheik Mujibur Rahman of the urban center Islamia school Students' Union, whereas serving as its 1st president, within the East Pakistan Students League, there's a gathering of scholars and leaders of the proper and left. Note that just about all of the founders were Muslim Student Leaders. the most objective of this formation was to make resistance against the anti-Bengali policies of the Muslim League government. In January, a 7-day Workers' Camp was organized in Dhaka by the coed League to debate effective ways for effective interference against Hindu faith of Muslim League and Hindu language of geographic area and also the info of inferiors against Urdu therein sense. (4)
25 Gregorian calendar month 1948: Dhirendranath Datta, a member of the nonappointive geographic area Constituent Assembly from Comilla, brought a bill for the primary time to just accept Bangla as state language in parliament. Even with support from the minority members of the Bengali parliament, as well as the ruling Awami League leader Abdul Hamid Khan Bhasani, the Muslim League-backed MPs took position against it. Khwaja Nazimuddin, a nonappointive member of East Pakistan, was at the highest of this opposition and in his active support, the bill was powerfully opposed by Chief Minister Liaquat Ali, UN agency rejected the bill and tried to infringe Hindu culture to Pakistan's culture. Dhirendranath Dutta reinstated the bill thrice with completely different amendments, however he perpetually created constant fortune. (4)
4-7 March 1948: ahead of multinational of Bangla because the state language, the coed Action Committee was fashioned within the variety of the highest leaders of Dhaka University's student politics. the coed Action Committee developed the define of the movement for establishing Bangla because the state language at the middle of Dhaka University. A strike referred to as by the coed Action Committee on eleven March 1948 demanded the declaration of the state language. (2, 4)
11 March 1948: an outsized gathering was organized on the demand of multinational of geographic area because the state language of Dhaka University. when the rally, the Muslim League government attacked Patoa force {and several|and a number of different|and several other} other students and political leaders, as well as Kazi Golam Mahbub, sheik Mujibur Rahman, Oli Ahad, were in remission from the procession. (2, 5)
March 15, 1948: ahead of prophet Ali Jinnah's Bangla Desh tour, Khwaja Nazimuddin weekday associate exceedingly|in a very} meeting with the Chairman's Action Committee to counter the explosive state of affairs and sign an testimony for establishing Bangla as state language. Later, national leader canceled the pledge and proclaimed that Urdu (which was the first language of 5%) was Pakistan's solely state language. it's neglected that regarding five hundredth of Pakistan's first language is Bengali. (5)
21 March - 1948: in an exceedingly immense rally organized on the occasion of the pre-Pakistan visit of prophet Ali national leader in Race Course ground, national leader created clear that "Urdu would be the sole state language of Pakistan". a bunch of student leaders and other people gift at the rally in real time protested against him. national leader continuing his speech while not taking the protest. (4, 6)
24 March 1948: prophet Ali national leader gave a speech at the "Student's appear Nation Building" head within the convocation of Curzon Hall, Dacca University. There he denounced the claim of building the language of Bangla because the state language and aforementioned, "Pakistan's state language are one and it's Urdu, the sole Urdu depicts the Muslim identity of West Pakistan.
26 March 1948: national leader command a series of state-level talks with student leaders and within the meeting, he told his persistent position regarding creating Urdu the state language. additionally, on fifteenth March, with the MasterCard's Action Committee, Khwaja Nazimuddin declared the declaration of Bangla because the provincial language of Bangla Desh. (9)
28 March 1948: in an exceedingly radio speech on the eve of the departure of Dacca, national leader reiterated his angle regarding creating Urdu the sole state language of West Pakistan. (10)
6th April, 1948: once the discharge of Jinnah's Dacca, the movement for the event of Bangla language within the language of the language movement below the leadership of the Rashtrabhasha Sangram Parishad became additional vigorous. Khwaja Nazimuddin offered a proposal in East geographical area assembly (EBLA) mentioning geographical area because the official language of Bangla Desh and communication price ticket, railroad ticket, college as well as Urdu, yet as use of Bengali throughout Urdu. though the most purpose of this proposal was to confuse the movement to declare Bangla as state language, however, then the leaders have shown positive angle towards this proposal. Dhirendranath Dutta, one in every of the key figures of language movement, proposed Bangla as "State languages of Pakistan." Propose a correction to try to to thus. however by rejecting Dhirendranath Dutta's change, the first proposal of Khwaja Nazimuddin was adopted in East geographical area assembly (EBLA). (6, 9)
11 Sep 1948: once the death of prophet Ali national leader Khwaja Nazimuddin was appointed as governor of West Pakistan. in real time once this, the State Language Sangram Parishad and Bangali parliament members demanded the complete implementation of the proposal taken within the East geographical area assembly (EBLA) and to Nazimuddin to form Bengali the state language. though Nazimuddin was a resident of Bangla Desh, he once more skint his pledge and for the sake of power, he followed the footprint of prophet Ali national leader in state affairs. (6)
27 November 1948: The State Language Movement once more thanks to the visit of Pakistani Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan On the arrival of Liaquat Ali, a gathering of scholars of Dacca University was organized at the gymnasium field of Dacca University. within the rally, a claim was created to demand different students' demands, yet on declare Bangla as state language and to implement the resolution adopted within the East geographical area assembly (EBLA). Claims created Abdur Rahman Chowdhury (later Justice). The responsibility of reading the claim was entrusted to the then vice chairman of Duxur, however attributable to the Hindu faith, the leaders of the coed Action Committee got the responsibility of reading the claim thanks to the Pakistani effort to market "Bengal as a Hindu language", then the then GS Ghulam Azam. The leaders of the Student's Action Committee, as well as Kazi Golam Mahbubas, were concerned in getting ready the claim. Golam Azam failed to have any involvement within the preparation of this claim.
Note that at that point Duxur VP and GS were nominative by the govt. and students of the Dacca University Halls and VPs of Govt. And GISAA determined this responsibility sporadically. Golam Azam Fazlul Huq was nonappointive because the GS of the Muslim Hall because the GS of the Muslim League government. Golam Azam scan the claim within the rally, however Prime Minister Liaquat Ali avoided the demand for state language and accepted sure demands relating to the facilities for the scholars. discontent at the rally thanks to the state-wide demand of the participants.
9 March 1949: within the wake of Khwaja Nazimuddin's initiative, the govt. of Pakistan supplyed a suggestion to geographical region to introduce Arabic within the style of the sole language of official activities associated impotencyucation in Bangladesh in addition because the continuous movement of declaration of state language in conjunction with Urdu. the most motive of the proposal was to liberate geographical region from the Hindu language and incorporate it into alphabet cherish the Islamic ideology. On March 9, 1949, a 16-member committee was shaped with Maulana Akram Khan as chairman. (11) during this finish, the Pakistan government constitutes an oversized fund and therefore the Education Minister in his favor aforesaid in Parliament, "The board is that the opinion that within the interest of national unity and commonness and therefore the speedy advancement of general education in Pakistan, it is necessary to have all the regional languages of Pakistan written in the same script; the Arabic script was most useful for this purpose ... "(4) ড. All linguistahs, together with Muhammad Shahidullah, rejected this freakish proposal to jot down Bangla in Arabic, however in spite of this, the Pakistan government remains firm on their angle.
23 June 1949: The persistent democratic angle of the West Pakistani ruling cluster towards Bangladesh, disobedience to the strain of assorted honest demands and against the policies of the Muslim League government within the language was shaped below the leadership of Awami Muslim League, sheik Mujibur Rahman, below the leadership of Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani As general secretary. At a similar time, Awami Muslim League was shaped in Asian nation below the leadership of Pir Manaki Sharif. Later, these 2 parties integrated along to make Pakistan Awami Muslim League and Hussein Shahid became the convenor of Suhrawardy. Bhasani served because the President of Awami Muslim League for eight years from 1949 to 1957 and diode the struggle for the rights of Bangladesh, together with language movement. because the 1st opposition party in Pakistan, the Awami Muslim League, that was shaped below the leadership of the Asian nation political leadership, compete a very important role within the language movement and compete a proactive role within the demand of state language in addition as within the movement of the road movement aboard the road movement. (1, 12)
March 11, 1950: below the leadership of Communist ideology student leader Abdul Matin, national capital University is made in national capital University State Language Movement Committee. This committee plays a very important role in numerous levels of language movement. (3, 8)
April 1950: Parliament proposes to formulate a proper proposal for writing Bangla in Arabic. Dhirendranath Dutta and new shaped Awami Muslim League leaders protested. At that point the movement of national capital University once more became a state language and demanded the institution of geographical region. (6)
September 1950: the essential Principle Committee (BPC) of the National Constitutional Assembly, that was shaped so as to eliminate the economic difference of japanese Pakistan and to satisfy the essential wants of the folks, gave a report back to the parliament. during this report, Urdu was projected to be the sole state language. The BPC report intense in Bangladesh. The Awami Muslim League rejected the BPC report and Bangali political leaders of Bangladesh referred to as the Grand National Convention (GNC) for the formation of the state language declaration, in conjunction with different demands for the define. (13)
14 November 1950: Grand National Convention organized on fourteenth November, 1950 in national capital, organized by the pol, Teacher, Intellectual Federation of the Parties. Proposals were created to declare Bangla because the state language aboard Urdu in addition because the main demands of the GNC from the GNC. (13)
December 7, 1950: The 16-member East geographical region Language Committee, diode by Maulana Akram Khan, provides the ultimate report by describing the proposal of writing Bangla in Bengali as unimposing and freakish. during this committee report, the workplace of Bangladesh stressed the employment of Bangla altogether courts and education. (6)
December ten, 1950: Majloz Janantta Bhasani was free from jail. instantly when the discharge Bhasani rejected the BPC report (so that Urdu was projected to state language) and urged the Pakistan government to instantly settle for the proposals adopted at the Grand National Convention. (14)
February 1951: Birth of Bangladesh Youth League. additionally to declaring state language as this youth league, besides the Muslim culture promoted by the Pakistan government, the folks of East geographical region had a high regard for the follow of their own culture admire Pahela Baishakh, Nabanana etc. Youth League originally came out of Pakistan's pan-Islamic school of thought and introduced himself as a voice within the follow of the follow of East geographical region itself. (2)
11 March 1951: The national capital University State Language Movement Committee sends a memo to any or all the newspapers of East geographical region and members of the overall Council to declare geographical region as a state language aboard Urdu.
27 March 1951: The West Pakistani ruling party once more proposes to jot down Bangla in Arabic in Assamese. it's to be noted here that the 16-member East geographic area Language Committee, semiconductor diode by Maulana Akram Khan, refused to declare the proposal of writing Bangla in Arabic as unimportant and off-the-wall, however the report wasn't disclosed to the overall public before the Pakistan government. Meanwhile, among the endemic members of the ruling Muslim League, many of us took a transparent position in favor of geographic area. One such, Habibullah Bahar Assembly powerfully opposes this proposal. With the assistance of Habibullah Bahar, Dhirendranath Dutta immersed this proposal to discontinue the proposal by career East geographic area folks a miserable thanks to lapse the education sector. The Pakistan government was forced to withdraw the proposal in protest of a locality of East geographic area MP's opposition. (6)
July-December 1951: beneath the leadership of this era language movement, beneath the leadership of Abdul Matin, the Dacca University State Language Movement Committee In Dacca University, in separate conferences in Gregorian calendar month, Gregorian calendar month and Gregorian calendar month, the demand for institution of Urdu
January 26, 1952: the fundamental Principles Committee of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan once more offers Urdu the ultimate instruction within the Assembly because the solely state language. (6)
January 27, 1952: The governor of Pakistan, visiting Pakistani general Khwaja Nazimuddin declared within the rally of Paltan Maidan that solely Urdu are the state language of Pakistan. At a similar time, there was a robust reaction within the gathering. The motto was "Desired in Bengali language". This statement creates intense reactions across People's Republic of Bangladesh. (3)
28 January 1952: University of Dacca State Language Struggle Council organizes an illustration rally at Dacca University. additionally to rejecting Nazimuddin's statement from this gathering, the Prime Minister of People's Republic of Bangladesh and therefore the cupboard were known as because the hand puppets of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. (3,5)
30 January 1952: Khwaja Nazimuddin's speech offers new dimension to Language Movement. The Dacca University Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad's decision was hung on the day of the strike in Dacca University. (3) On a similar day, a gathering of Awami Muslim League was command within the post of Bhasani. within the meeting, call was taken regarding the direct and active participation of the Awami Muslim League furthermore as students within the Language Movement semiconductor diode by Bhasani. (3,5)
31st January, 1952: A conference of all political, cultural and practitioners of People's Republic of Bangladesh was command within the post of Vasani. From this conference, Kazi Golam Mahbub was created convenor of the All-Party National Language Movement Council. The All-Party State Language Movement Council convened a general strike on twenty one Gregorian calendar month throughout People's Republic of Bangladesh. (3)
February 4, 1952: All students of Dacca town square measure inspired to have interaction in self-motivated strikes. the scholars circled the streets with the most important procession within the amount of your time strict the declaration of Bangla as state language.
18 Gregorian calendar month 1952: visible of a general strike known as by the govt of Pakistan on Gregorian calendar month twenty one, Section one hundred forty four of the University and contiguous areas obligatory Section one hundred forty four and every one conferences were illegal. (3,5)
20 Gregorian calendar month 1952: a gathering was command beneath the post of Abul Hashim beneath the initiative of the All-Party State Language Movement Council in pursuance of Section one hundred forty four obligatory by the govt of Pakistan. Members of the meeting did not reach a precise conclusions regarding violating section one hundred forty four. an oversized a part of the meeting gave the opinion of section one hundred forty four violation, however several voiced against the threat of violence. (3)
21 Gregorian calendar month 1952
9am: Students from the Dacca Medical school (then University of Dacca) Gate beside the gymnasium field at Dhaka University started gathering.
11:00 am: Students gathering within the presence of Kazi Golam Mahbub, Oli Ahad, Abdul Matin, Gaziul Haque etc. started. Disagreements between the coed leaders and therefore the gift political leaders regarding the violation of section one hundred forty four within the rally. Dacca University administrator Dr. Some academics semiconductor diode by SM Hussein visited the venue and requested the scholars to not violate Section one hundred forty four. (3)
From 12am to 3pm: Among the current student leaders, Abdul Matin and Gaziul Haque voted for one hundred forty four violations, however the leaders did not build any specific announcement relating to this. during this state of affairs, the overall students took the choice to violate Section one hundred forty four and proceeded with the procession to travel to East geographic region assembly (currently underneath the Jagganath Hall of Dhaka University). At now the police started lathicharges and bullets. 3 youths died on the spot, Abul Barkat (Student of DU's Master of Political Science), Rafiq Uddin and Abdul Jabbar. Later within the hospital, Abdus Salam, World Health Organization was operating within the Secretariat, died. A nine-year-old kid named Ahilyaullah additionally died in police firing. Clashes continuing with the police for three hours, however police did not dislodge students when firing. (3)
At 4pm: thousands of general public were gathering ahead of Dhaka Medical faculty when the firing went on in Dhaka. (1, 8) when the news of the shooting visited the legislature, six legislators of East geographic region underneath the leadership of Dhirendranath Dutta adjourned the meeting of law council and requested Chief Minister Nurul Amin to go to the slashed students in Dhaka Medical faculty. A member of the ruling party, Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish additionally took AN oath in support of the proposal, however Nurul Amin ordered to run the session of the assembly ignoring all the stress. Members of East geographic region walk out of the council in protest. (1, 8) Students area unit urged by the leaders of the night to bring the leaflets that area unit invited to collect at the University of Dhaka once more within the morning of each masjid and club in Dhaka town.
22 February 1952: Thousands of scholars are gathering in Dhaka University space since morning. within the memory of the victims, on February twenty one, the current students performed a namaz-e-janaza at the Curzon Hall space and brought a sigh of relief. Shafiur Rahman and 4 others died on the spot once police unemployed on peaceful procession. The agitated crowd wreaked mayhem within the workplace of the govt. newspaper "The Morning News" placed in Rathkhola. Nurul Amin, beside the police, tried to manage the protests by lowering the military. the scholars and crowds gathered in success Park (now Bahadur crowned head Park), ignoring the barriers of the military and also the police, and Oli Ahad, Abdul Matin, Kaji Golam Mahbub unbroken vainly. Nurul Amin desperately took a proposal to acknowledge Bangla because the state language of Pakistan and passed the resolution nemine contradicente. (5.5)
23 February 1952: In whole People's Republic of Bangladesh, the strike is widely known during a spontaneous manner. On the previous day, when introducing state-level legislation within the legislative assembly, Paltoa forces of Nurul Amin continuing to pressurize the protesters. The All-Party State Language Movement Council involved a general strike on February twenty fifth throughout People's Republic of Bangladesh. On the night of twenty three February, students started constructing a short lived memorial in memory of the martyrs in language movement at the place of Barkat martyr.
24 February 1952: the development of the "Shaheed memorial monument" was completed at six am and also the memorial plaque was unveiled with Shahid Shafiur Rahman's father at 10am. the govt. of Nurul Amin deployed the military and also the police throughout the streets and declared to normalize the atmosphere inside forty eight hours. during this forty eight hours, the majority the highest leaders concerned in language movement were in remission. (1, 8)
25 February 1952: The University of Dhaka was declared indefinitely closed for the movement of language movement to curb student protests.
February twenty six, 1952: Police pursued away the "Shaheed Memorial" ahead of Dhaka Medical faculty. Student movement in Dhaka was reduced in essence within the oppression of the govt. however the movement started outside Dhaka. currently the declaration of the state language additionally because the demand for the resignation of Barwari Nurul Amin was created by the Awami Muslim League junction rectifier by Vasani. (1,4)
April 8, 1952: the govt. of {pakistan|Pakistan|Islamic Republic of Pakistan|West Pakistan|Asian country|Asian nation} calls on the history of twenty one February to deviate from the Muslim culture of Pakistan, as a plot of Hindus and communists. A report revealed on a similar day did not show any affordable reason for the police firing incident on students. (10)
April 14, 1952: The members of East geographical region demanded full inquiry into the incident of twenty one Gregorian calendar month and on the idea of the resolution adopted on twenty two Gregorian calendar month, there was a obstacle within the legislature, hard-to-please that Bangla be declared a state language. (1, 10)
16 April 1952: University of capital of Bangladesh is reopened.
28 April 1952: A seminar was control at Bar Association underneath the initiative of the All-Party State Language Movement Council. Speakers of the seminar demanded the procession to withdraw the ban on the rally, unharness all the prisoners and declare Bangla as state language. (1,10)
21 Gregorian calendar month 1953: One year of the mass movement of thousands of individuals in 1952, thousands of individuals show respect for the martyrs during a temporary memorial monument. though the govt illegal all the conferences, procession, however the leaders of the Awami Muslim League and therefore the general students and therefore the plenty underneath the leadership of Bhasani gathered at the memorial at the barefoot. On at the present time, the individuals of Bangla Desh unbroken the black badge as an emblem of mourning and most outlets were closed down, respecting the martyrs. (1, 5)
3 April 1954: The Northern Alliance, underneath the leadership of Maulana Bhashani, Last Frontier Fazlul Huq and Hussein Shahid Suhrawardy, took the provincial governance of Bangla Desh. thanks to the waking up of the individuals of East geographical region through Language Movement, the Muslim League was forced to go away the provincial government for the primary time. (4)
7 could 1954: the govt of Pakistan accepts Bangla as a state language by the initiative of the Northern Alliance government. (5.5)
December 3, 1955: Bangla Academy formally started its journey to demand the scholar movement of language movement.
16 Gregorian calendar month 1956: Proposals were created to incorporate Bangla as state language within the Assembly of Pakistan, to incorporate it within the constitution. (3)
21 Gregorian calendar month 1956: Shahid M. by the Provincial Prime Minister Abu Hussein Sarkar.