The history of the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai – Background, of The Heyday and Collapse

The kingdom of Samudera Pasai is one of the work of Islam in Indonesia. Not a lot of information that can be obtained about this kingdom. The only one that is obtained by archaeologists berdasarkat literature Hikayat Raja-Raja Pasai and this is associated with some tomb kings as well as the discovery of coins made from gold and silver with the printed name of the king

The kingdom of Samudera Pasai, also known as the Kingdom of Samudera Darussalam or the Sultanate of Pasai. The kingdom is located on the north coast of the island of Sumatra, precisely in the City of Lhokseumawe and Aceh Utara. The Province Of Aceh.

The Beginning Of The Stand

The kingdom of Samudera Pasai was founded by Nazimuddin Al-Kamil in the 13th century. Nazimuddin Al-Kamil is an admiral of the sea of Egypt. He was ordered in the year 1238 M to seize the port kambayat in Gujarat which aim to be a place of marketing of trade goods from the east. Nazimuddin al-Kamil also founded a kingdom on the Island of Sumatra to the north. The ultimate goal is to be able to master the results of trading spices and pepper.

He raised Angry Silu as the King of Pasai first. After ascending to the throne marah Silu changed the name and the title of Sultan Malik As-Saleh. The end of the reign of Sultan Malik As-Saleh until he died in the year 696 Hijri or 1297 Ad.

Based on the stories of visits to other countries. There is a difference of opinion regarding the kingdom. This is because there is a separating between the names of Pasai and Samudera. But note the Chinese do not separate the name of the kingdom and believe this is one of the kingdom. While Marco Polo in his travel notes write a list of the kingdoms on the east coast of the Island of Sumatra that time, from south to north there is the name of Ferlec (Perlak), Basma, and Samara (Samudera).

During the reign of Sultan Malik As-Saleh. The Sultan married a princess of the Kingdom of Perlak that Point Cider. From the marriage was born the Sultan Malik Az-Zahir I. during The Reign of Sultan Malik Az-Zahir is the Kingdom experienced a golden age.

Sultan Malik Az-Zahir I introduced the first use of gold in the kingdom. This has resulted in the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai a center of trade the largest in Sumatra at that time. The kingdom also became famous as a place to spread the religion of Islam.

After the reign of Sultan Malik Az-Zahir I was succeeded by his son Sultan Ahmad I. However, did not last long because a thing is then replaced by the son of Sultan Ahmad I Sultan Malik Az-Zahir II. During the reign of Sultan Malik Az-Zahir II, the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai in the go by the traveler Morocco's world famous that Ibn Batuthah. Ibn Batuthah write in the book Rihlah ila l-Masyriq (Wandering to the East) upon his return to the arabian peninsula relates that one of the Kings in the area Samatrah (Sumatra) greeted him with a friendly. He also revealed that his followers mazhab Syafii.

The heyday of the

The revival of the kingdom of Samudera Pasai is under the reign of Sultan Zain Al-Abidin Malik Az-Zahir. Precisely in the year 1383 to the year 1405. According to records from China in the form of a chronicle of chinese Sultan Zain Al-Abidin Malik Az-Zahir is known in the records of the chinese name Tsai-nu-li-a-pi-sik-ki. However I the reign of Sultan Zain Al-Abidin Malik Az-Zahir should end marked by the death of he in the hands of the King of Nakūr in a battle. Since the Power of the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai was led by the Widow of Sultan Zain Al-Abidin Malik Az-Zahir i.e. Sultanah Nahrasiyah. King Women first the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai.

Under the reins of leadership Sultanah Nahrasiyah, the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai experienced a heyday. During his reign never visited a Marine Admiral Cheng Ho. Fleet Cheng Ho visited many times to the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai which year 1405, 1408 and 1412.

Cheng ho, in a report written by aides such as Ma Huan and Fei Xin. In his notes wrote that the limits of the territory of the Kingdom of Pasai Ocean is to the south and east there are high mountains. The east borders with the kingdom of Aru. Sea in the north and the two kingdoms in the west side of the Kingdom of nakūr and the Kingdom of the Lide. Continue towards the west there is the kingdom of Lamuri that if there journey traveled a distance of 3 days and 3 nights from pasai.

The Advancement Of The Kingdom Of Pasai

1.Perdagangan
At that time the Bandar-bandar in the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai became the center of International trade and is the gateway to the Archipelago. Good relations with the Kingdom of Malacca when it was bustling as a center of world trade making the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai as a port forward.

2.cruise
Located close to the coast. The kingdom of Samudera Pasai became the royal maritime strong. The voyage out in the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai became crowded. This is supported also by the majority of the inhabitants of the kingdom worked as a fisherman.

3.the economy
In the field of the economy of the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai get rapid progress. Gold coins as means of exchange. Plus shipping and trade rapidly to make this kingdom famous rich and prosperous. When that kingdom became a supplier of pepper which is known to the world. The people of the kingdom of the planting of Pepper and harvest it every 2 times a year. The community also has dairy cows to produce milk that made the cheese to trade to european countries. Things that make one of the kingdoms located in the Strait of Malacca to prosper.

4.International Relations
The kingdom of Samudera Pasai has good relations with several kingdoms around him. Such as the Kingdom of Malacca where frequent marriage between the two sultans. The kingdom has also established good relations with China with sent the sultan's younger brother went there to gain knowledge. But the relationship is not good also intertwined with the King of Nakūr which resulted in the Kingdom of Nakūr attack the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai which resulted in the King of Pasai were killed.

The Collapse

The collapse of the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai is due to some internal and external influences. Internal empire before the collapse often involved disputes among the royal family. The struggle for power and position often occurs. Civil war and rebellion could not be avoided. Even the King when it ask for help to the King of Melaka to quell the rebellion. But not the undo happens because in 1511 the Kingdom of Malacca fell into the hands of Portugal. Ten years later precisely 1521 Portugal attacked the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai and the wrath of the kingdom. But the seeds of the kingdom are still there so that the year 1524 the Kingdom of Samudera Pasai became part of the Sultanate of Aceh.