The Life & Thought OF Socrates, Third Part.
Hello,
Socrates attitude toward politics was obedient but generally
steered clear of politics, restrained by what he believed to be
a divine warning. He believed that he had received a call to pursue
philosophy and could serve his country best by devoting himself
to teaching, and by persuading the Athenians to engage in
self-examination and intending to their souls. He didn't write
any books and established no regular school of philosophy.
All that is known, with certainty about his personality and his way
of thinking are derived from the works of two of his distinguished
scholars. Plato and the historian Xenophon, a prosaic writer who
probably failed to understand many of Socrates' doctrines. Plato
portrayed Socrates as hiding behind an ironical profession of
ignorance, known as Socrates irony, and possessing a mental
acuity and resourcefulness that enabled him to penetrate
arguments with great facility.
Socrates contribution to philosophy was essentially ethical in
character. Belief in a purely objective understanding of such
concepts as justice, love, and virtue, and the self-knowledge
that he inculcated were the basis of his teachings. He believed
that all vice is the result of ignorance and that no person is
willingly bad, correspondingly, virtue is knowledge, and those
who know the right will act rightly. His logic placed particular
emphasis on rational argument and the quest for general
definitions, as evidenced in the writings of his younger contemporary
and pupil, Plato, and of Plato's pupil, Aristotle...
Another thinker befriended and influenced by Socrates was
Antisthenes, the founder of the Cynic school of philosophy.
Socrates was also the teacher of Aristippus, who founded the
Cyrenaicphilosophy of experience and pleasure, from which
developed the more lofty philosophy of Epicures. To such Stoics
as the Greek philosopher Epictetus, the Roman philosopher
Seneca the Elder, and the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius,
Socrates appeared as the very embodiment and guide
of the higher life.
Continue...
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