A (BRIEF) HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM
Scarcity in Traditional Society
From the Ancient World to the 1700s, it took the labor of 80% of the people to produce enough food to feed the whole population
Nearly everywhere rulers regulated the growing, selling and exporting of essential crops
Hungry subjects tend to be unruly subjects
Custom [not incentives or innovations] prompted most action and dictated the flow of work throughout the year
THE ORIGINS OF CAPITALISM
There had, of course, always been commerce
But, the 18th century marked the point at which commerce broke free from societal restrictions to impose its “system of thought” upon the laws, class structure, individual behavior, and “values” of “the people”
A DEFINITION OF CAPITALISM
Capitalism is a cultural system rooted in economic practices that rotate around the central and absolute demand that private investors turn a profit
A system that places the profit motives of entrepreneurs above all else
Industrial Capitalism is the above “system” based first and foremost on the commercial production and trade of mass-produced consumer goods
SLAVERY & AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL CAPITALISM
Pre-Civil War U.S. economic growth was driven by slavery
The country’s leading merchants (global and domestic trade) developed out of the Triangle Trade
After the slave trade was outlawed (1808), the nation’s leading merchants traded in cotton
The nation’s first industrial factories produced cotton textiles.
Private investors in cotton textile factories used their profits to expand cotton production, finance new banks, and build new factories
Slaves (as property) represented 1/3rd of all wealth in the U.S.
Slaveowners mortgaged their slaves, and then turned those mortgages into bonds that were marketed all over the country (and world). Slaves, as property, were the “security” for these bonds.
Slaveowners used those bonds to expand their businesses and buy more slaves
Many of the nation’s largest banks and companies invested in those bonds, using their profits to grow their companies and the U.S. economy
Rapid economic growth (spurred by slavery) encouraged large-scale immigration, which provided the industry with factory workers.
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