SEC S20W3 || Morphological Anemias - Module 3
Defines Morphological Anemia (2.5 points)
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To the best of my knowledge, morphological anemia refers to a classification of anemia based on the appearance of red blood and size as seen under a microscope. Morphological anemia is of three categories based on red blood cell morphology these three categories' main types are shared below.
Microcytic anemia:
Red blood cells (RBCs) are smaller than normal. This usually results from thalassemia or iron deficiency.Normocytic Anemia:
Red blood cell (RBCs) size is normal but reduced in number, which is typically associated with conditions like chronic diseases or blood loss.Macrocytic Anemia:
Red blood cells (RBCs) are bigger (larger) than normal, which is mostly caused by folate deficiencies or vitamin B12.
Have you ever had anemia? Attach evidence (2.5 points)
No, I haven't had anemia before in my life. Since I was born at this stage of my life I haven't experienced a condition in which my blood doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells which can prompt me to have anemia which is a result of lack of dysfunctional red blood cells or red blood itself. However, I have been to the hospital and see how people with anemia are feeling. It is not a good thing for one to pray for sickness which I don't in any which to experience anemia.
Pathophysiologically, what happens with anemia? (2.5 points)
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Pathophysiological, anemia happens when there is a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to a lower number of insufficient hemoglobin within the RBCs of red blood cells. When this occurs it means tissues and body organs do not receive enough oxygen for proper function. Three mechanisms are involved in anemia which these mechanisms are:
Blood loss: chronic (gastrointestinal bleeding) or acute (trauma).
Increased Red blood cell destruction (hemolysis). This is caused by conditions such as hemoglobinopathies, infections, or autoimmune diseases.
Decreased Red blood cells production: This is due to nutritional deficiencies (vitamin B12, iron), chronic disease or bone marrow disorders.
When oxygen is delivered it reduces the body's compensates by increasing respiratory rate, and heart rate, and more RBCs are producwhichch can lead to symptoms such as paleness, shortness of breath, and fatigue.
Clinical case (2.5 points):
Well, I know of a woman who was around 50 years of age who went to the clinic in 2021 with complaints of persistent dizziness, shortness of breath, and fatigue for over four months. The woman also reports experiencing pale skin and palpitations to the doctor (consultant) she met at the hospital. However, the woman denies any recent blood loss or trauma and went ahead to mention having a menstrual period for close to a year.
Based on the physical examination:
- Heart rate 95 best per minute
- Blood pressure 1120/mmHg
- Pale conjunctive and skin
- Mild systolic murmur detected in her body.
Based on laboratory findings in the hospital
- Her serum iron was low
- Her Serum ferritin was low
- Her hemoglobin was 8.5g/dL
The woman was diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia which was due to chronic blood loss from her heavy menstrual periods that she complained to the doctor.
A woman arrives at the emergency room of the Ruiz y Páez Hospital Complex, unconscious and with signs of paleness. The doctor tells her to perform a complete hematology and an HCG. The results of the homology indicate hemoglobin 9 g/dl, MCV 71 fL, HCM 24 pg, CHCM 27 g/L and positive HCG. Classify the anemia morphologically and explain what you understood about the clinical case.
Now based on the case study given in, the contest tips the morphological classification of Anemia is based on the result obtained from the lab.
- Hemoglobin 9 g/dL (low)
- Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 24 pH (low).
- MCHC 27 g/L (low)
- MCV 71 fL showing macrocytic Anemia.
Based on the woman's test results, microcytic hypochromic anemia was indicated was likely caused due to iron deficiency, based on low MCHC, MCV, and MCH.
Now the woman arrives at the emergency room with signs of pallar (indicative of anemia). Her lab results confirm that the presence of anemia with hemoglobin levels of 9 g/dL, is far lower than the normal range for women. From her lab results, the microcytic anemia suggests that the woman could be suffering from iron deficiency, which might be due to increased iron demand or chronic blood loss.
Also, the HCG results which are positive show that the woman is pregnant. Pregnancy increases body iron. Based on my observation and understanding of the case, it would suggest that the woman's unconsciousness may be related to the severity of her anemia and the stress she is passing through with her pregnancy.
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