Psychological Schools in the 20th Century: Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Humanistic Psychology. /last part/

The first four levels Maslow calls deficit needs. At the top of the hierarchical pyramid is the need for self-realization - a basic driving force for self-realization. In explaining self-actualization, Maslow offers the following to goodness, beauty, unity, integrity, etc. Maslow examines the relationship between needs and values, describing the dynamics of changing values ​​according to the satisfaction of needs. According to him, a basic fund of social and spiritual needs is part of the genetic program of man. At the end of his life he predicts what he calls the fourth power in psychology / 1-psychoanalysis; 2-Behaviorism; 3-humanistic psychology / - transpersonal psychology, which, starting from Eastern philosophy, opens meditation, higher levels of consciousness, parapsychological phenomena.

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Maslow's theory, representing a model of self-realization, has been used as the basis for many studies of individual differences. Charlotte Buhler is a co-founder with E. Maslow and K. Rogers of the Association of Humanistic Psychology. The underlying developments in developmental psychology include such issues as: child behavior; application of intelligence tests, etc. The studies in the field of childhood thinking and genetic typology represent a prologue to Western Europe's humanistic psychology. In the late 1950s, Maslow and many other American psychologists noted that, in this sense, Buhler can also be considered the "mother" of the "Third Power" in American Psychology. Rubinstein says that the activity of a person who changes the world, alters itself, is the basis of the relationship between the subject and the objective world. Out of this understanding, he formulates the principle of unity of consciousness and activity, which is central to the theory of action in psychology. It offers a three-component structure of experience, including intellectual, emotional and volitional components. Develops a science-based program for psychological research, the face of the personality, including three main issues: the personality direction; about the personality's ability; about the character of man.

Brousslinski is the first Russian psychologist who thoroughly justifies the benefits of a procedural approach to the psychology of thinking. One of his experimental discoveries in the field of thought study refers to the events of the so-called "Insubstantial insight." Bruxlinski concludes that the capacities of the subject are contained entirely in the way of individual reasoning, and also by the fact that every act of thought to one degree or another is the discovery of something new to the subject. The research searches of psychologists from the two major, in the direction of humanization, lead to a general direction. One of the most typical similarities is that the object of psychological research is man as the bearer of the psyche in all its variety of manifestations. The accent falls on the uniqueness of man as a social being. Another problem that presents a great similarity between them is the problem of the "unity of social and biological factors", influencing the mental development of man.

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