Methods for the study of mental processes, properties and conditions.
Experimental psychology can be defined as a science that has as its object the study, analysis and description of principles, methods, organization and conduct of psychological research. Several are the basic principles of psychological research, namely: - the principle of objective study of mental phenomena; - the principle of the study of mental phenomena; - the principle of an analytic-synthetic study of personality; - the principle of the leading role of the activity in the development of the psyche; - the principle of the manifestation of mental activity in unity; - the principle of personal approach in the study of psychological activity; - the principle of the dialectical unity of physiological and psychic in man.
The experimental psychological examination can be divided into three parts: - preparation of the study, where several major moments can be distinguished - selection of the objective area of the study; determining the problem and subject of the study; determining the object and subject of the study; establishing and formulating the hypothesis; selection of the survey methodology; establishing the setting of the survey; developing the tasks that will be placed before the students - writing an instruction; study planning; the theoretical and practical training of the researcher to establish the methodology he has adopted, to study the plan and the action program; setting variables; selection of a real object of research / experimental extraction /; - carrying out the study, controlling the conditions under which it is performed is essential to the successful conduct of the experiment, and the requirements for conducting the study can be grouped into three groups - in terms of the conditions of the experiment; requirements with respect to the researcher himself; requirements regarding the work with the surveyed persons; - summarizing the results of the study, with the first point of work here being the processing of the results and it is two main types - primary current processing; general processing of results.
Quantitative analysis in psychological studies is widely used in mathematical statistics. The methods of alternative, correlation, dispersion, variance and factor analysis are most often used to process the results of the psychological study.The methods of research in psychology, very successfully, can be divided into methods of studying the personality and the individual characteristics of his or her psychological activity, and methods of studying the socio-psychological phenomena arising in the conditions of the group activity of the people. Moreover, these methods, summarized, are general and specific. Self-observation method - self-observation means using the readings of the consciousness, the object to which it appears, the subject of the study itself, its psychological phenomena / processes, properties, conditions, etc. In the research work the method is realized in two ways: personal and immediate self-observation. Observation method - represents a purposeful, organized, planetary perception and registration of the objective external manifestations of the psychic phenomena of the investigated person. Observation along with self - observation are some of the oldest methods of psychological research.
The psychological essence of the method is that between the objectively observed activity and the behavior of man and his subjective psychic phenomena, there is a legal relation, thanks to which, by observing behavior and activity, fully scientific substantiation can be made of the essence of the respective mental phenomena. Systemic and non-systemic surveillance is distinguished. It can be subdivided in a certain sense of complete and selective. Observation can be switched on or off.