Dante gives more attention to Bologna's speech, which he considers to be the most exquisite of the Eastern dialects, although it is incomparable with the Florentine palace language. As evidence, he recalls that many talented poets born in and around Bologna have left this area to prove that the popular language is already well known. Dante is committed to proving his superiority by comparing it with the palatial language and the language of the papal curia. According to him, the simple language is already sophisticated, distinguished by remarkable spirituality, cleansing the clumsy constructions of the municipal dialects, freeing himself from the coarsely sounding words. It is influenced by the ennoblement of urban manners, has become clearer and more perfect.

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Dante calls it a cardinal , as the other local spoken, that is to say, it is increasingly perceived as a role model. The author also describes it as a courtyard, as it assumes that if a royal court had been housed in Italy, it would have spoken of the vulgar language used in the Palazzo (Mayoralty) in Florence. Finally, Dante defines the common language as "the language of the papal Curia", the language of this civilian and spiritual community, divided by its political bias, but united in perfect unity thanks to the gratioso lumine rationis flowing from God's wisdom. At the end of the first book, the arguments the author intends to unfold in the second book of the treatise are preached. According to Burckhart, the first part of Dante's composition "About Speech" is "not only important to the problem itself, but because it is the first work that contains reflections on modern language in general": "Dante's Reflection and Conclusions lie in the history of linguistics where they will always occupy an extremely important place. Here, it is only necessary to find out that long before writing this language, language must be a daily life-giving question, that all dialects are studied, that they are biased, and others are preferential, so that the birth of the common ideal language accompanied by the most painful birth pain.

At the beginning of the second book of this treatise, Dante repeats once more that the popular language is already rich enough to be used in both poetry and prose, but only by the talented writers. The themes that can be developed in this language are the merits of the warrior, the qualities necessary for the attainment of love, and the virtues that help the man to control his will. According to the author, the best poet in the development of the first subject is the Provencal troubadour, Bertrand de Bourne. The subject of love is most skillfully portrayed in the poems of French poet Arno Daniel and the Italian stylist Chino da Pistoia. The virtues that give dignity to man are most fascinatingly presented by French troubadour Guo de Borneo and by Dante himself. The most feasible way to develop the above-mentioned topics is the canton, which in the hierarchy of the then lyrical forms is followed by the ballet and the sonnet. Further, Dante recalls the theoretical principle advocated by the ancient Roman poet Horatius in his "Poetic Art": each poet must choose a subject whose design is best suited to his creative abilities. Then the author of the treatise lists the three styles that are commonly used in literary writing - the tragic, the comic and the elusive. The most suited to achieving the tragic effects style is the sophisticated / famous / native language used in the cantons.

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part 1

part 2

part 3

part 4

part 5

part 6

part 7